In the Merchant of Venice, what four things does Shylock say he would do to a Christian?

The only reference in the play about what Shylock shall do to a Christian is when he refers to Antonio. He mentions that he will take revenge on him for the injustices he feels Antonio had done to him. He feels that he is justified in his action against the Christian since Antonio had spat on him, kicked him as if he were a dog, called him a dog and publicly denounced his moneylending practices.

Furthermore, Antonio also lends out money free of interest, which has a detrimental effect on his business, since Antonio's actions bring down the rate of interest. Finally, he says, he will hurt Antonio by taking a pound of his flesh not only because he had forfeited on his promise to repay his debt, but also because he hates Antonio. He mentions as much to the duke during the trial:

... So can I give no reason, nor I will not,
More than a lodged hate and a certain loathing
I bear Antonio, that I follow thus
A losing suit against him.

Earlier, in Act One, when Bassanio approached him for the loan with Antonio as surety, Shylock expressed confidence that he finds Antonio sufficient, i.e. that he is of the means to settle the debt. He requests to speak to Antonio. Bassanio then invites him to dine with them so that they may converse. Shylock responds:

Yes, to smell pork; to eat of the habitation which
your prophet the Nazarite conjured the devil into. I
will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you,
walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat
with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. What
news on the Rialto? 

In this extract, he clearly states four things that he will do with a Christian: he will buy, sell, talk and walk with a Christian but he refuses to eat, drink or pray with one. It is clear that Shylock detests Christians and does not want to associate with them, except on a very rudimentary level. He is, therefore, more than prepared to discuss business with Christians, but deems it inconceivable that he will form any deeper relationship than that. 

According to economists, almost everything we do has costs and benefits. Identify the costs and benefits of each of the following: going to the...

Going to the dentist has the benefit of continued dental health, associated with a higher quality of life and additionally with physical attractiveness. The costs of these services are the actual direct financial costs of paying the dentist as well as and pain and suffering associated with the work that is performed as well as the time which must be dedicated to actually being at the dental clinic.

Completing homework offers the benefit of education...

Going to the dentist has the benefit of continued dental health, associated with a higher quality of life and additionally with physical attractiveness. The costs of these services are the actual direct financial costs of paying the dentist as well as and pain and suffering associated with the work that is performed as well as the time which must be dedicated to actually being at the dental clinic.

Completing homework offers the benefit of education and good grades, both of which may be associated with a higher income as a working adult. One may also receive the benefit of self-satisfaction that comes from completing a necessary task. The cost of the action is the time required to complete it, as well as any ancillary costs associated with the work such as pencils, paper, and the cost of books and/or an internet connection.

Getting an extra hour of sleep may provide the benefit of being well-rested, but this depends on the amount of sleep one would have been getting otherwise. While getting enough sleep is associated with increased physical and mental health, it is possible to sleep too much resulting in grogginess and a decreased mental state. As such, the sleep itself may be either a benefit or a cost. Additionally, the hour itself has value so this action bears the cost of the loss of time that could have been used for other activities.

What is a summary of Chapter 5 of the fifth edition of Artistry, Choice, and Leadership?

Chapter 5: Organizing Groups and Teams.

This chapter opens with a detailed description of two real instances of teams working successfully together: the SEAL team that took out Osama bin Laden, and a medical team who performed a last-minute kidney transplant. These examples set the tone for the chapter and explain why a good organization for a group or team really matters. When a group performs well together, the authors assert, any individuals' talents are heightened. And when a group performs poorly, it can destroy any positive effects that individuals working alone may have had. 

The main idea of the chapter is then explained: that if you know how to restructure a group or team effectively, you can dramatically improve the performance of the group.

Next, the text offers options for organizing teams. The point is that how you organize the team should be relevant to the task they are responsible for, and you must take into consideration the group's goal(s) and any skills or talents that the individual members have. You might arrange a group with a single boss, multiple bosses, a simple hierarchy, a circle network (with each member reporting to others,) or an "all-channel network" in which each member reports to each other member.

After that, the authors discuss how different situations call for different relationships among members of teams and groups. In baseball, football, and basketball, the team members relate to each other in different ways for different reasons. Again, it's the goal and the situation that must determine how team members relate to one another.

The chapter starts to wrap up as the authors list characteristics of high-performing teams: Demands or opportunities shape the purpose of teams; teams set and achieve specific, measurable goals; teams are no larger than 25 people; team members are all committed to working together; and team members feel responsible for meeting their goals.

The chapter concludes with a brief exploration of why self-managed teams may be a good idea in some situations but not others. Although they can be very effective and can build morale among team members, it can be difficult to get these groups started and to identify the resources they need to accomplish their goals. The authors discuss some examples from the world of business (Saturn and General Motors) to illustrate these concepts.

Does Paul solve his mother's problem? Why or why not?

In D.H. Lawrence's short story "The Rocking Horse Winner," it is Paul's greatest desire to solve his mother's problem. However, it is my belief that he is unable to do so. Paul's mother, whose name is Hester, has a desire for luxurious and beautiful things. Hester is cold toward her children, and is motivated most strongly by greed. The narrator of the story explains that she felt a hardness in her heart for the children she felt had been "thrust" upon her. People called her a good mother, because she compensated for her cold heart. "Only she herself, and her children themselves, know it was not so. They read it in each other's eyes."

The family lived comfortably, but they didn't have enough money to keep up the social status they believed they were entitled to. "There was never enough money. The mother had a small income, and the father had a small income, but not nearly enough for the social position which they had to keep up." Paul feels the tension in the house, and hears the whispers that there is never enough money. His mother explains to him one day that some people have luck, and that is what causes them to be able to have money. From that day forward, Paul is intent on becoming a lucky person. He believes that he has been told by God that he will be a lucky person.

He uses his rocking horse to channel the supernatural knowledge he gains about horse racing. With the help of the gardener, Bassett, he saves up a considerable amount of money to be paid out to his mother one thousand pounds at a time. He eagerly awaits her reaction to the lawyer's letter informing her about the money to be paid out on her birthday but is disappointed that she does not seem impressed. He gives direction to the lawyer to pay her the entire five thousand pounds of his winnings, but she is still not satisfied. The money is spent on luxuries and quickly dwindles away.

Paul continues his quest to earn enough money to satisfy his mother and make her happy. Near the end of the story, his mother has maternal instincts that Paul is becoming obsessed and something is seriously wrong. She feels a "strange anxiety in her heart" after returning from a party one evening, and goes to check on Paul. She finds him furiously riding the rocking horse and shouting out "It's Malabar!" predicting the winner of the Derby. He then collapses from fever. He dies from his illness, but not before winning eighty thousand pounds from his foreknowledge that Malabar will win the Derby.

His mother has lost a son, which should have been of more worth than any amount of money. She has lost this son because of her own obsession with wealth and status. She has the money, but the pattern has been (and will likely continue to be) that larger and larger amounts do not satisfy her greed, and now she has lost a treasure of untold worth due to her superficial desires.

Azucena is willing to accept her fate, but Rolf is not. Why does Rolf work so hard to keep Azucena alive?

There are several reasons why Rolf Carle tries so desperately to keep Azucena alive.  First of all, Rolf had a sister who died from abuse.  Katharina was disabled, and Rolf would hide her to avoid their father’s abuse.  Katharina dies, and Rolf feels overwhelming grief for “abandoning” her.  Rolf feels empathy for and has a personal connection with Azuneca because of his sister’s life. 

In addition, as Rolf sits with Azucena over the course of...

There are several reasons why Rolf Carle tries so desperately to keep Azucena alive.  First of all, Rolf had a sister who died from abuse.  Katharina was disabled, and Rolf would hide her to avoid their father’s abuse.  Katharina dies, and Rolf feels overwhelming grief for “abandoning” her.  Rolf feels empathy for and has a personal connection with Azuneca because of his sister’s life. 

In addition, as Rolf sits with Azucena over the course of the three days, he begins to also remember the abuse he suffered at the hands of his father.  His father would whip him with a belt and lock him in an armoire for hours. His also saw his father abuse his mother.  Rolf says that he realizes that “he was Azucena”, and unlike Azucena who is physically trapped by the mud, Rolf has been trapped by his own memories and life.  That is why he has chosen to detach from the world and view it through the lens of a camera until he meets Azucena.

Rolf has also seen death and once had to bury the dead in a concentration camp.  He knows what it means to die and be buried with no one there to give solace or love. He wants to save Azucena to show her that she is loved.  Unfortunately, Azucena dies and sinks into the mud when Rolf finally lets go of her hands.

In a way, by saving Azucena, Rolf is saving himself. At the end of the story when he is journeying through his grief over her death, he is also coming to grips with his own life experiences.

Evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of the progressive movement on changes to the urban environment.

To some extent, the Progressive Era achieved its intended goals with regards to environmental reform, especially in the urban centers. This was mostly achieved through civic education on the importance of sanitation, clean-up and paint-up campaigns and the improved sense of environmental responsibility among the young.

The public was made aware of the looming problems if the threat to the urban environment was not checked. At the time, industrialization and a sharp increase in population...

To some extent, the Progressive Era achieved its intended goals with regards to environmental reform, especially in the urban centers. This was mostly achieved through civic education on the importance of sanitation, clean-up and paint-up campaigns and the improved sense of environmental responsibility among the young.

The public was made aware of the looming problems if the threat to the urban environment was not checked. At the time, industrialization and a sharp increase in population in the urban areas posed major threats to the environment due to pollution and congestion. During the awareness campaigns, the issues raised included the spread of diseases, pollution, and deteriorating aesthetics.

Urban officials were also challenged to improve and provide better sanitary services and institute necessary environmental changes. Cities embarked on the provision of pure water, cleaner air and reduction of waste among other environmental needs.

The Progressive Era also brought together scientists, journalists, politicians and the general public with an aim of developing better methods to address the environmental issues. It is from these efforts during the Progressive Era that more aggressive and action-oriented environmental movements were born, such as the environmental justice movement organized in the late 70s.

Notable achievements of the Progressive Era included the Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, reforms in factory inspection laws and smoke-pollution-control laws.

What makes Atticus Finch a respectful person?

Atticus Finch is a respectful individual because he follows his conscience by choosing to defend a black man in front of a prejudiced jury. Despite the overwhelming odds against him winning the case, Atticus accepts the challenge because it is the right thing to do. He does not listen to the racist community members and fearlessly defends Tom Robinson several times throughout the novel. Atticus does not compromise his morals and stands up for his...

Atticus Finch is a respectful individual because he follows his conscience by choosing to defend a black man in front of a prejudiced jury. Despite the overwhelming odds against him winning the case, Atticus accepts the challenge because it is the right thing to do. He does not listen to the racist community members and fearlessly defends Tom Robinson several times throughout the novel. Atticus does not compromise his morals and stands up for his beliefs. Atticus is also respected because he is a fair man. He gives people the benefit of the doubt and is a tolerant, empathetic individual. He accepts Walter Cunningham's form of payment, helps Mrs. Dubose break her addiction, and represents Maycomb in the Alabama legislature. Atticus is an honest man who is trusted with great responsibility throughout his community which is why he is respected.