If RBC's are lacking mitochondria then from where do they get ATP's to generate energy

Red blood cells differ in many ways from other cell types in the body. One of the major differences is that they do not contain mitochondria, a critical organelle that typically is responsible for generating the majority of cellular ATP, in animal cells, through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. Because of this, red blood cells generate ATP through an anaerobic process known as glycolysis. This multistep process starts when red blood cells take up...

Red blood cells differ in many ways from other cell types in the body. One of the major differences is that they do not contain mitochondria, a critical organelle that typically is responsible for generating the majority of cellular ATP, in animal cells, through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. Because of this, red blood cells generate ATP through an anaerobic process known as glycolysis. This multistep process starts when red blood cells take up glucose, through facilitated transport. Following this uptake, the cell starts a very detailed and intricate multi-step process via the investment of two ATP molecules, to eventually generate 4 total ATP molecules, leading to a net gain of 2 ATP molecules for each glucose used.

This method is actually very inefficient for generating energy, as mitochondria are able to generate up to 34 additional ATP from one glucose molecule following glycolysis in typical cells. However, by generating ATP in this way, red blood cells are able to carry out their primary function of carrying and delivering oxygen throughout the body without using it for energy generation, allowing them to function much more efficiently. Hope this helps!

What is the definition of the "Danish teen" in Number the Stars?

The book Number the Stars takes places in Denmark during World War II. This book highlights the bravery of the Danish people in helping Jewish people escape to Sweden to avoid persecution by the Nazi government of Germany.

In the book, there is a scene where German soldiers storm into the Johansens' apartment looking to see if they were hiding any Jewish people there. The Germans were looking for people that didn’t look Danish. The...

The book Number the Stars takes places in Denmark during World War II. This book highlights the bravery of the Danish people in helping Jewish people escape to Sweden to avoid persecution by the Nazi government of Germany.

In the book, there is a scene where German soldiers storm into the Johansens' apartment looking to see if they were hiding any Jewish people there. The Germans were looking for people that didn’t look Danish. The typical Danish teen is described as being happy-go-lucky. They would possess certain physical characteristics including blond hair and blue eyes. Any person who didn’t fit this description was considered to be suspicious in the eyes of the German soldiers who were looking for Jewish people who lived in Denmark. This is an important scene in the book because Mr. Johansen showed a picture of his deceased daughter, who had didn’t have blond hair when she was younger. This helped keep Ellen safe when the Germans entered the Johansens' apartment looking for Jewish people who may have been hiding there.

the characteristic shared between monopolistic competition and oligopoly

Monopolistic competition, an imperfect form of competition in which many firms sell trivially distinguishable but unsubstitutable goods, and an oligopoly, where a small number of firms dominate a specific market, have several key similarities.

The first is that there are generally many consumers in the market. It is also possible, despite being somewhat counter-intuitive, that there may also be many producers under both systems. While an oligopoly is dominatedby a small number of producers,...

Monopolistic competition, an imperfect form of competition in which many firms sell trivially distinguishable but unsubstitutable goods, and an oligopoly, where a small number of firms dominate a specific market, have several key similarities.

The first is that there are generally many consumers in the market. It is also possible, despite being somewhat counter-intuitive, that there may also be many producers under both systems. While an oligopoly is dominated by a small number of producers, there are normally many smaller firms in existence that simple lack a controlling market share. The second is the capacity of the firms to control pricing. The firms of an oligopoly are inherently price setters, and the dominant firms of a monopolistic market generally take their competitors prices as a given, and ignore any impact their prices might have on the prices of competitors. This non-price competition places exclusive incentive of the maximization of profits. A final potential similarity is the production of heterogeneous competing products, although it is possible for such products in a oligopoly to be largely homogeneous.

What point is Doyle trying to make in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band"?

The author is not mainly concerned with making a point or proving a thesis. The story is an adventure yarn, the type of story that Graham Greene would call an "entertainment." The main mystery Sherlock Holmes is called upon to solve is: How could Helen Stoner's sister Julia be killed in her bedroom when the shutters and the door into the corridor were securely locked? This is an example of a subgenre called a "Locked...

The author is not mainly concerned with making a point or proving a thesis. The story is an adventure yarn, the type of story that Graham Greene would call an "entertainment." The main mystery Sherlock Holmes is called upon to solve is: How could Helen Stoner's sister Julia be killed in her bedroom when the shutters and the door into the corridor were securely locked? This is an example of a subgenre called a "Locked room murder mystery." The prototype is Edgar Allan Poe's story "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," in which two reclusive women were murdered in a room in which the door and all the windows appeared to be securely locked. When Holmes deduces the answer to his own locked-room murder mystery from what he observes in Dr. Roylott's room and the directly adjacent room which Helen is now occupying, he solves the mystery of Julia's agonizing death two years ago and also forestalls Roylott's plan to murder Helen. Doyle gives a "point" or moral to the story by having Holmes quote from the Old Testament.

Violence does, in truth, recoil upon the violent, and the schemer falls into the pit which he digs for another. 

Dr. Roylott is certainly a violent man. He makes a great show of potential violence when he bursts into Holmes' room at Baker Street and tells him:

Don't you dare to meddle with my affairs. I know that Miss Stoner has been here. I traced her! I am a dangerous man to fall foul of! See here.” He stepped swiftly forward, seized the poker, and bent it into a curve with his huge brown hands.

This is the only time Dr. Roylott will appear in the story while he is still alive, but it is sufficient to establish that the essence of the tale is a conflict between Roylott and Holmes, the man of violence and the man of intellect. 

What does Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., predict for the future of American society?

In this speech King shares his dream for America; he says that he hopes and has faith that this dream will come true, so it is also a prediction. The dream or prediction has the following elements:

• the equality spoken of in the Declaration of Independence is a reality for all citizens.


• the descendants of former slaves and the descendants of former slave owners treat each other like brothers.


• no one is judged by external qualities like skin color; people are only judged by their inward character.


• children of all races play together without sensing any differences among themselves because of their skin color.


• true freedom is experienced by all people in every region of the country.

Speaking in 1963, over 50 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr., made these predictions for how life would look in America in the future. Less than a year after this speech, President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, with Martin Luther King, Jr., in attendance. The law made it illegal to discriminate against someone on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The next year, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 became law, which outlawed practices designed to make it harder for blacks to vote. Within two years of King's speech, the country had taken great strides towards making King's predictions for the future a reality.

What happened to African-Americans' civil rights during Wilson's presidency?

The decline in African-American rights that began with the ending of Reconstruction in 1877 continued during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Many of the injustices African-Americans had been facing continued, not just during Wilson’s presidency, but also throughout the Progressive Era. One group left behind by the Progressive Movement was African-Americans.

During Wilson’s presidency, the Jim Crow laws continued. African-Americans faced segregation in public accommodations. The segregation in schools, on railroad cars, and with restroom...

The decline in African-American rights that began with the ending of Reconstruction in 1877 continued during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Many of the injustices African-Americans had been facing continued, not just during Wilson’s presidency, but also throughout the Progressive Era. One group left behind by the Progressive Movement was African-Americans.

During Wilson’s presidency, the Jim Crow laws continued. African-Americans faced segregation in public accommodations. The segregation in schools, on railroad cars, and with restroom facilities and drinking fountains continued to exist. There was even segregation within the office buildings of the federal government during his presidency.

The voting rules that kept African-Americans from voting continued to be used. The use of literacy tests denied many African-Americans the opportunity to vote because they couldn’t read and write. Poll taxes kept many poor African-Americans from voting. Whites were exempt from these restrictions because the grandfather clauses allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before the Civil War. Most white fathers or grandfathers had voted before the Civil War, but that wasn’t the case for many African-American fathers or grandfathers.

The threats and intimidation of African-Americans continued to his presidency. African-Americans were terrorized and sometimes lynched, yet inaction was the normal policy regarding these events.

Throughout the Progressive Era, including during Wilson’s presidency, nothing was done about these abuses of African-American rights. The Progressive Movement clearly didn’t help African-Americans in ways that other groups were helped.

What is the gist of chapter 10 of To Kill a Mockingbird?

In this chapter, Scout and Jem learn to have pride in their father. As the chapter begins, they both wonder if Atticus is good at anything. At age 50, he's older than the other fathers they know, and he claims he's too old to participate in the Methodist Church versus the Baptist Church tag football game. 

But when the dog Tim Johnson becomes a "mad dog," most likely rabid, driving the entire block's residents into...

In this chapter, Scout and Jem learn to have pride in their father. As the chapter begins, they both wonder if Atticus is good at anything. At age 50, he's older than the other fathers they know, and he claims he's too old to participate in the Methodist Church versus the Baptist Church tag football game. 

But when the dog Tim Johnson becomes a "mad dog," most likely rabid, driving the entire block's residents into their houses, Atticus rises to the occasion. He goes out and shoots the dog dead in one shot, impressing Jem and Scout. 

The two also learn something about their father's character: not only is he a good marksman, which they hadn't realized, he's a modest man. They begin to see that it's not that he lack talents, but that he doesn't like to brag about them. They learn too that he is a man who resists taking advantage of others, even other creatures in the world.

When Scout and Jem ask their neighbor, Miss Maudie, why Atticus doesn't sharp shoot since he's so good at it, she explains as follows:

Marksmanship’s a gift of God, a talent—oh, you have to practice to make it perfect, but shootin’s different from playing the piano or the like. I think maybe he put his gun down when he realized that God had given him an unfair advantage over most living things. I guess he decided he wouldn’t shoot till he had to, and he had to today.