How will our earth look in 2050? What are the major changes that will occur by year 2050 related to technology and its components?

One can only hypothesize how our Earth will look, especially in terms of technology, in the year 2050. We can use our progress over the last 50 to 100 years to make some educated guesses. 

A few of the areas where we have made tremendous progress include transportation and communication. More novel and environmentally-friendly transportation means are to be expected by 2050. We are already moving in the direction of electric cars and hydrogen fuel...

One can only hypothesize how our Earth will look, especially in terms of technology, in the year 2050. We can use our progress over the last 50 to 100 years to make some educated guesses. 

A few of the areas where we have made tremendous progress include transportation and communication. More novel and environmentally-friendly transportation means are to be expected by 2050. We are already moving in the direction of electric cars and hydrogen fuel cell based automobiles. We can possibly expect all of our transport means to be based on fuel cells by 2050. Self-driven vehicles are likely to be the norm. 

Similar progress has been achieved in communication in the last 50 years. We can expect extremely high-speed data transfer directly to headsets or glasses for day to day operations such as calling, internet surfing, online transactions, navigation, etc. One can expect laptops and cellphones to be obsolete by then. 

Given the global warming fears, we can expect that people would have moved to 100% renewable energy generation by the year 2050 and fossil fuels may already have been mostly exhausted. We can expect to see more sky-scrapers and high-yielding agriculture practices. Better healthcare and more advances in medicine are also to be expected.

Hope this helps.

If you began with 9.23 moles of hydrochloric acid and excess amounts of aluminum, how many grams of aluminum chloride would be formed?

This is a stoichometry problem, in which you use the relationship between reactants and/or products in a chemical equation to calculate the quantity of one substance base on the quantity of any other substance in the reaction. These relationships are given by the coefficients in the balanced equation, so it's necessary to begin by writing and balancing the equation. The equation for this reaction is:

`2 Al + 6 HCl -gt 2 AlCl_3 + 3...

This is a stoichometry problem, in which you use the relationship between reactants and/or products in a chemical equation to calculate the quantity of one substance base on the quantity of any other substance in the reaction. These relationships are given by the coefficients in the balanced equation, so it's necessary to begin by writing and balancing the equation. The equation for this reaction is:

`2 Al + 6 HCl -gt 2 AlCl_3 + 3 H_2`

The mole ratio of AlCl3 to HCl is 2:6, so the moles of AlCl3 formed is:

9.23 moles HCl x (2 AlCl3)/(6 HCl) =  3.08 moles AlCl3

Multiplying moles of AlCl3 by its molar mass gives grams:

3.08 moles AlCl3 x 133 grams/1 mole = 410. grams AlCl3

You can solve problems like this more quickly be multiplying the given quantity by a series of conversion factors, without having to calculate the intermediate step(s):

9.23 moles HCl x (2 AlCl3)/(6 HCl) x 133g/1mol = 410. grams AlCl3

A series of events and conditions existed in the Old World at the dawn of the fifteenth century that made New World exploration not only possible...

The Age of Exploration refers to the time period between about 1400 and 1650 when Europeans explored and colonized the world outside of Europe. New technology-- taken from the Arabs during the Crusades-- made exploration possible. The search for spices and converts to the Christian faith made exploration desirable.  

The Old World generally refers to Europe, Africa, and Asia (the world Continental Europe knew before Columbus). The New World generally describes the Western Hemisphere-- North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean. These regions were “new” to Europeans.

At the beginning of the 15th century (the 1400s), new technological advances made exploration possible. At the beginning of the 1400s, Europe had just ended the Crusades-- a set of religious wars in the Middle East that lasted 300 years. While conquering Middle Eastern lands, Europeans discovered new technology, such as the compass and triangular sails on boats called caravels, which made exploration possible.

Additionally, the Crusades helped Europeans discover new foods and spices in the Middle East and Asia. What’s so important about spices? Before there was refrigeration, food would spoil easily, making it taste bad. Europeans could use exotic spices like nutmeg, cinnamon, and pepper to flavor their food. Finding spices is what made exploration desirable.

This hunt for spice is what motivated Christopher Columbus to set sail. He was looking for a faster route to India and China so that Spain could trade for spices without having to go through the Arabs and Italians, who controlled the spice trade.

Besides, travelling between Europe and Asia by land was difficult-- there were few roads and there was a lot of warfare. Boat travel was faster, but travelling down around the southern tip of Africa was dangerous (ocean currents frequently blew ships off course). Columbus correctly assumed the Earth was round, but incorrectly assumed that there were no other continents besides Europe, Africa, and Asia. He hoped to sail West from Europe and eventually hit Asia. His theory was correct, but there were two huge continents in the way. (Fun fact-- in each of his three journeys, Columbus never actually made it to the mainland of North or South America. He only explored a few Caribbean islands).

The 15th century was also a time of intellectual curiosity and religious fervor (strong feelings) in Europe. The Renaissance started during this time period, and brought with it a new desire to learn. Many Europeans explored simply because they were curious about the world around them. Furthermore, the fighting against Muslims in the Crusades made many Christian Europeans eager to spread Christianity. Many Europeans explored new lands looking for converts to the Christian faith.

For more information about the Age of Exploration, check out these great Homework Help answers and . 

How does Ulrich change his attitude toward his rival?

Faced with possible death, Ulrich von Gradwitz decides to no longer hold onto his animus. Instead of this enmity toward Georg Znaeym, who is pinioned beside him by the fallen tree's branches, Ulrich offers friendship.

After the split second of being vis-à-vis as they both have rounded the huge beech tree, the men are held captive by the felled tree. At first, each man hurls invectives at each other, but as they await their own...

Faced with possible death, Ulrich von Gradwitz decides to no longer hold onto his animus. Instead of this enmity toward Georg Znaeym, who is pinioned beside him by the fallen tree's branches, Ulrich offers friendship.

After the split second of being vis-à-vis as they both have rounded the huge beech tree, the men are held captive by the felled tree. At first, each man hurls invectives at each other, but as they await their own men to rescue them, this life-and-death situation puts much more valuable conditions into perspective. Ulrich von Gradwitz is the first to speak, offering his flask of wine, saying, "....Let us drink, even if tonight one of us dies." But, Georg Znaeym repels his offer,

"No, I can scarcely see anything...and in any case I don't drink wine with an enemy."

Hearing this, Ulrich ponders their situation for a while as "an idea was slowly forming and growing in his brain...." Despite Znaeym's hostility, he turns to Georg and tells him that he has changed his mind, and if his men arrive first, he will have Znaeym treated as his guest and freed first. Further, he tells his "neighbor," as he now calls Znaeym, that they have quarreled all their lives about "this stupid strip of forest" where trees cannot even withstand the wind. He concludes,

"Neighbor, if you will help me to bury the old quarrel, I--I will ask you to be my friend."

Silent for a time, Georg finally speaks in "jerks," remarking on how the region would be shocked if they rode together into the market square. He, then, displays a change of mind, and accepts Ulrich's offer of friendship: Asking for the wine flask, adding, "Ulrich von Gradwitz, I will be your friend."

What spin is Tim O'Brien putting on the war in the chapter "Spin"?

Throughout "Spin," O'Brien attempts to portray the lighter side of war while simultaneously examining the inconsistent, violent nature of conflict. O'Brien begins the chapter by saying,

"The war wasn't all terror and violence. Sometimes things could almost get sweet...On occasions the war was like a Ping-Pong ball. You could put fancy spin on it, you could make it dance" (O'Brien, 20).

O'Brien then shares unconnected anecdotes that illustrate the fragmentation of war. He describes how...

Throughout "Spin," O'Brien attempts to portray the lighter side of war while simultaneously examining the inconsistent, violent nature of conflict. O'Brien begins the chapter by saying,

"The war wasn't all terror and violence. Sometimes things could almost get sweet...On occasions the war was like a Ping-Pong ball. You could put fancy spin on it, you could make it dance" (O'Brien, 20).

O'Brien then shares unconnected anecdotes that illustrate the fragmentation of war. He describes how Azar gives a chocolate bar to a boy with one leg and how Mitchell Sanders peacefully picks lice off of his body under the shade of a tree. O'Brien also recounts how Henry Dobbins and Norman Bowker play checkers every night in a foxhole, which contrasts sharply with the enigmatic, unpredictable nature of the Vietnam War. The unrelated stories concerning the old Vietnamese man who helps the Alpha Company traverse a mine field, Norman Bowker's comments about his father, and Mitchell Sander's story about a soldier going AWOL illustrate the various everyday experiences throughout the war. Peaceful moments like Kiowa teaching Rat Kiley a rain dance and Henry Dobbins singing to himself as he sews, are juxtaposed against violent stories involving Azar exploding a puppy and Curt Lemon's body parts hanging in a tree. O'Brien's anecdotes give the reader a different perspective on war by putting a "spin" on the solely brutal nature of conflict. Unlike Henry Dobbins and Norman Bowker's structured, predictable game of checkers, soldiers encounter a myriad of experiences ranging from tranquil and lighthearted to brutal and traumatic.

What is a physical description of Santiago from The Old Man and the Sea?

Santiago is an old man who has spent many hours on the sea trying to catch enough to make a living.  That much time in the sun and sea have taken a toll on his looks.  We first learn that, 

"The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinklies in the back of his neck." (pg 9) 

Because he was out in the sun so much, he was exposed to skin cancer.  People, however,...

Santiago is an old man who has spent many hours on the sea trying to catch enough to make a living.  That much time in the sun and sea have taken a toll on his looks.  We first learn that, 

"The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinklies in the back of his neck." (pg 9) 

Because he was out in the sun so much, he was exposed to skin cancer.  People, however, were not as concerned about it in 1952 as we are today.  However, Hemingway appeared to be aware of it.  He says, 

"The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks.  The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. (pg 10)

It is interesting that Hemingway describes the skin cancer as "benevolent" or kind. Much of his physical description as it is given in the book is due to Santiago's occupation.  Sun and sea weather the skin and increase the amount of wrinkles.  The sun causes brown blotches. However, there is one thing the sun did not damage. 

"Everything about him was old except his eyes, and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated." (pg 10)

What is the conflict in Little House in the Big Woods by Laura Ingalls Wilder?

In this first book in the Little House series,the Wilders live in the "big woods" of Wisconsin in a small log cabin. The area is already settled, and they have neighbors, though none too close by. The book is a year-long series of vignettes about the family's life. Their first conflict is the struggle to survive: Pa, their father, must hunt and kill enough animals for them to eat through winter as well...

In this first book in the Little House series, the Wilders live in the "big woods" of Wisconsin in a small log cabin. The area is already settled, and they have neighbors, though none too close by. The book is a year-long series of vignettes about the family's life. Their first conflict is the struggle to survive: Pa, their father, must hunt and kill enough animals for them to eat through winter as well as to have fur pelts to trade in the spring. The family must slaughter a pig for winter provisions and harvest crops and vegetables. In the winter, they gather maple syrup, while spring and summer are exhausting seasons of planting and harvesting. 

Other conflicts animate the story: the tomboy Laura, the book's protagonist, is often jealous of and sometimes fights with her pristine, golden-haired older sister Mary, who is prettier and does everything in a more ladylike way. Laura struggles with her own tendencies to disobey and rebel; for instance, she touches hot bullets although she is warned they will burn her fingers and she does not want to sit still, be quiet, and be good on Sundays. Although very young, Laura must learn to control her impulses, a lesson repeatedly reinforced in the narrative.