Identify two industrial uses of distillation and what components of the mixtures are separated in each use.

One way in which distillation is used in to separate ethanol from water in many alcoholic beverages. Secondly, fuel companies use distillation is also to remove hydrocarbons from petroleum.

Distillation is a process that is used to separate a mixture into its components on the basis of the differences in the components' boiling points.

During distillation, a mixture is heated in a flask. The component of the mixture that has a lower boiling point will...

One way in which distillation is used in to separate ethanol from water in many alcoholic beverages. Secondly, fuel companies use distillation is also to remove hydrocarbons from petroleum.

Distillation is a process that is used to separate a mixture into its components on the basis of the differences in the components' boiling points.

During distillation, a mixture is heated in a flask. The component of the mixture that has a lower boiling point will begin to boil and evaporate first. This evaporated component is cooled and condenses inside a condenser. In this way, the evaporated component is liquefied inside the condenser. The other component of the mixture that has a higher boiling point is left behind in the flask. Hence, the two components of the mixture are separated.

According to the narrator, how is Simon strange? Also, how is he caring and quiet?

Simon, the "moral compass" in the stranded group is strange because he repeatedly acts just slightly outside of the displayed norm the rest of the group gives. There are many examples of when Simon breaks apart from the group (literally and figuratively–see chapter 8), and says things that seem "off":

"Simon grinned and shook his head.

'How do you know then?'

When Simon was still silent Ralph said curtly, 'you're batty.'

Simon shook his head...

Simon, the "moral compass" in the stranded group is strange because he repeatedly acts just slightly outside of the displayed norm the rest of the group gives. There are many examples of when Simon breaks apart from the group (literally and figuratively–see chapter 8), and says things that seem "off":

"Simon grinned and shook his head.

'How do you know then?'

When Simon was still silent Ralph said curtly, 'you're batty.'

Simon shook his head violently till the coarse black hair flew backwards and forwards across his face. 'No I'm not. I just think you'll get back all right.'"

Simon is also considered strange in how he is innately gentle-natured; while most of the boys are giving in to their primal desires, Simon is kind to Piggy and helps the littluns ("found for them the fruit they could not reach, pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands" Chapter 3). These kind-hearted tendencies reveal themselves later to allow Simon to be the only one perceptive enough to discover the "real beast" on the island.

What is the effect Rev. Jonathon Edwards gives his audience?

The highly-charged fire and brimstone sermon of Reverend Edwards strikes such fear into his audience that many of the women cried and screamed; also, there were a number of terrified listeners who actually fled from hearing more as they ran screaming out of the church. 

"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" is Edwards's most famous sermon. It was so highly charged and had such a powerful effect that several times during this sermon,...

The highly-charged fire and brimstone sermon of Reverend Edwards strikes such fear into his audience that many of the women cried and screamed; also, there were a number of terrified listeners who actually fled from hearing more as they ran screaming out of the church. 

"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" is Edwards's most famous sermon. It was so highly charged and had such a powerful effect that several times during this sermon, he had to stop and request that certain members of the congregation refrain from their shrieking, if they did not leave.

Much of the power of Edwards's sermon derives from his effective use of rhetorical devices such as the use of repetition and parallel constructions that seem to reach a disturbing and horrifying crescendo. For instance, Edwards repeats the word nothing in parallel phrases such as "nothing that you have ever done, nothing that you can do" in order to stress the belief that people cannot be saved by their actions; instead, they must have God's grace. An extremely effective parallel construction is exemplified in the beginning of Edwards's sermon as he uses frightening visual imagery:

The devil is waiting for them, hell is gaping for them, the flames gather and flash about them....

This use of parallelism, frightening images, and repetition is certainly effective in terrifying and emotionally moving Edwards's congregation.

In The Veldt, what do you think the author is saying about the way society treats children in general?

In "The Veldt," Ray Bradbury might be suggesting that society, particular parents, generally finds a way for children to be constantly spoiled and entertained. The entire premise of the story surrounds this "nursery"—a word being used to mean something contrary to what it generally means—that entertains the children by giving them realistic places to visit. 

Throughout the story, George and Lydia Hadley send their children, Wendy and Peter, away. At the first meal mentioned in...

In "The Veldt," Ray Bradbury might be suggesting that society, particular parents, generally finds a way for children to be constantly spoiled and entertained. The entire premise of the story surrounds this "nursery"—a word being used to mean something contrary to what it generally means—that entertains the children by giving them realistic places to visit. 

Throughout the story, George and Lydia Hadley send their children, Wendy and Peter, away. At the first meal mentioned in the story, "Wendy and Peter were at a special prastic carnival across town..." This suggested abandonment of the children to entertainment seems to have backfired on the parents, however, as the children are rebelling. Lydia explains to her husband that the children have "been acting funny ever since you forbade them to go to New York a few months ago."

When the psychiatrist visits the nursery, he immediately blames the parents for their abandoment of the children to the room. He tells George that "This room is their mother and father, far more important in their lives than their real parents." This is why when the parents attempt to shut off the nursery the children rebel and lure George and Lydia in the nursery, which has tranformed into the African veldt where they are killed and eaten by the lions.

Overall, Bradbury suggests that parenting, when done by automated devices like the nursery (or television), turns out poorly with the children showing little to no respect for their parents.

Why doesn't Rosaline like Romeo? What is Juliet's opinion of Paris?

When the reader first meets Romeo in Act I he has a terrible crush on Rosaline. He is depressed and spends many hours by himself and in the darkness of his room. When confronted he confesses to his cousin Benvolio that, even though he is madly in love with Rosaline, she does not reciprocate his affection. In lines 216-224 of Act I, Scene 1 Romeo says,

Well in that hit you miss. She’ll not be...

When the reader first meets Romeo in Act I he has a terrible crush on Rosaline. He is depressed and spends many hours by himself and in the darkness of his room. When confronted he confesses to his cousin Benvolio that, even though he is madly in love with Rosaline, she does not reciprocate his affection. In lines 216-224 of Act I, Scene 1 Romeo says,

Well in that hit you miss. She’ll not be hit
With Cupid’s arrow. She hath Dian’s wit,
And, in strong proof of chastity well armed,
From love’s weak childish bow she lives uncharmed.
She will not stay the siege of loving terms,
Nor bide th’ encounter of assailing eyes,
Nor ope her lap to saint-seducing gold.
O, she is rich in beauty, only poor
That, when she dies, with beauty dies her store.

In other words, Romeo says she will not give in to his advances. She is as clever as the Roman goddess of hunting, Diana, and shields herself against Cupid's arrows. Rosaline has vowed never to give up her "chastity" and to remain celibate. Of course, Romeo finds this a terrible waste and he complains about it for several lines. It tells us that Romeo is quite a sensitive young man and that it is perfectly plausible that, after seeing Juliet, he falls in love at first sight. It also gives Shakespeare a reason to place Romeo at Capulet's party. He originally goes to see Rosaline but soon forgets her after meeting Juliet.

In Act I, Scene 3, Lady Capulet brings up the subject of Juliet marrying Count Paris. As his title suggests, Paris is very wealthy and a good match for Juliet, who also comes from the upper class of Verona society. Juliet's nurse is excited for Juliet because she believes the count a fine and handsome man. The Nurse says,

A man, young lady—lady, such a man
As all the world—why, he’s a man of wax.

By saying he's made of wax the Nurse is implying how good looking Paris is. Although Juliet is only 13 it was quite acceptable for young ladies her age to marry older men in Renaissance Italy. We never learn Paris's age (nor Romeo's for that matter) but we can guess he may be in his 20's. Juliet wants to play the dutiful daughter and she tells her mother,

I’ll look to like, if looking liking move.
But no more deep will I endart mine eye
Than your consent gives strength to make it fly.

She says she will check out Paris to see if she likes him but will do nothing without her parents' consent. Paris, on the other hand, is ready to marry Juliet immediately. He is twice seen speaking with Juliet's father about the subject. Paris, of course, is nothing in Juliet's eyes compared to Romeo.

What purpose does the dog serve in "To Build a Fire"? How do London's descriptions of the dog reveal its purpose?

Without the dog, the unnamed protagonist would be all alone. That would force the author Jack London to remain inside the man's mind from beginning to end. This could become tedious. The dog offers a diversion. Although the dog cannot talk, it is almost like a conversation between two characters because they have two different points of view. Jack London was very good at interpreting what was going on in dogs' minds, as he did...

Without the dog, the unnamed protagonist would be all alone. That would force the author Jack London to remain inside the man's mind from beginning to end. This could become tedious. The dog offers a diversion. Although the dog cannot talk, it is almost like a conversation between two characters because they have two different points of view. Jack London was very good at interpreting what was going on in dogs' minds, as he did in in his novel The Call of the Wild, although he might have been taking some "poetic license" and did not really know what a dog or any other animal might be "thinking." Here is a good example of how Jack London makes the shift away from the man's consciousness into that of the dog:

The animal was depressed by the tremendous cold. It knew that it was no time for traveling. Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to the man by the man's judgment. In reality, it was not merely colder than fifty below zero; it was colder than sixty below, than seventy below. It was seventy-five below zero. Since the freezing-point is thirty-two above zero, it meant that one hundred and seven degrees of frost obtained. The dog did not know anything about thermometers. Possibly in its brain there was no sharp consciousness of a condition of very cold such as was in the man's brain. But the brute had its instinct. It experienced a vague but menacing apprehension that subdued it and made it slink along at the man's heels, and that made it question eagerly every unwonted movement of the man as if expecting him to go into camp or to seek shelter somewhere and build a fire. The dog had learned fire, and it wanted fire, or else to burrow under the snow and cuddle its warmth away from the air.

Oddly enough, we learn a great deal from the dog even though it is an animal and can neither think nor speak. It relies on its instinct, but it has a long lineage going back into the prehistoric past. Its ancestors were wolves. Those who survived in this merciless environment passed on the instincts that had enabled them to do so. Ironically, the dog knows a great deal more than the man but is unable to tell him anything. The man would not listen anyway. The dog's other purpose is to show the contrast between instinct and judgment. Every time we find ourselves in the dog's point of view, we invariably feel that the dog is in most respects not only wiser but better than the brutal man. In the end, the man freezes to death in the snow while the dog trots away looking for shelter and warmth. We feel that the dog is lucky not only to have survived, but to have gotten away from such a cruel and selfish master.

What were some economic consequences of World War I?

The Great War, or World War I, had remarkable economic consequences on the economies of United States, Europe, and by extension, the entire world. The United States actually was in better economic shape after the war than at any time in its history. The industrial and agricultural economy had been mobilized to supply the Allied and American war effort. In addition, American banks loaned large sums of money to Britain and France before and after...

The Great War, or World War I, had remarkable economic consequences on the economies of United States, Europe, and by extension, the entire world. The United States actually was in better economic shape after the war than at any time in its history. The industrial and agricultural economy had been mobilized to supply the Allied and American war effort. In addition, American banks loaned large sums of money to Britain and France before and after the war. For these basic reasons, the United States emerged as an industrial power after World War I.

The war did not have the same positive effect on Europe. The economies of Britain and France were slowed by crippling war debt. These countries would recover somewhat in the 1920's. Germany, however, was a different story. The Weimar Republic was handcuffed with heavy war reparations to pay to France and England. Hyperinflation and unemployment had disabled the German economy. American banks bailed out Germany with $200 million in loans under the Dawes Plan, but this recovery would be short lived as the United States was plunged into an economic depression in the 1930's.