The current in an air-core solenoid is reduced from 3.99 A to zero over 5.9s. The solenoid has 2000 turns per meter and a cross-sectional area of...

In this case you should apply the law of electromagnetic induction of Faraday.

Ԑi = N(Δφ/Δt)

Where:

Ԑi, is the EMF induced in the coil.

N, is the number of turns of the coil where the EMF is induced.

Δφ = BS, is the variation that occurs in the magnetic flux. In this case, we will consider that the cross section S is equal in both coils.

Δt, is the time during which the flux...

In this case you should apply the law of electromagnetic induction of Faraday.

Ԑi = N(Δφ/Δt)

Where:

Ԑi, is the EMF induced in the coil.

N, is the number of turns of the coil where the EMF is induced.

Δφ = BS, is the variation that occurs in the magnetic flux. In this case, we will consider that the cross section S is equal in both coils.

Δt, is the time during which the flux is changing.

Let's call #1 to the largest coil and #2 the smaller coil. Then we see that the variation of the magnetic flux in the coil #1, induces an EMF in the coil #2.

So, we can write the Faraday law, for coil #2, in the following way:

Ԑi = N2(Δφ2/Δt) = N2[Δ(B1S2)/Δt)]

The magnetic field of the coil #1 is:

B1 = μ0nI, where μ0 is the magnetic permeability of vacuum, n is the number of turns per unit length of the coil and I is the current.

Substituting in the equation of the EMF and considering that only varies the current, we have:

Ԑi = N2[Δ(μ0nIS2)/Δt)] = (N2μ0nS2)(ΔI/Δt)

Ԑi = (50)(4π*10^-7)(2*10^3)(0.31)(3.99/5.9)

Ԑi = 1.11*10^-2 V

The current is calculated by applying OHM's law:

I = Ԑi/R = (1.11*10^-2)/(4.09*10^-3)

I = 2.7 A

Are there any examples of premise, persona, addressee, or enjambment in the poem "Lifeguard" by Claudia Emerson?

In her poem, Claudia Emerson adopts a persona, a word taken from the Latin word for "mask."  The poem is written from a first person point of view—the speaker refers to herself with the pronoun "I"—but we should not assume that the speaker is actually the poet.  In general, it can be misleading to think of the speaker of a poem as the poet since a poet may be writing a fiction in order...

In her poem, Claudia Emerson adopts a persona, a word taken from the Latin word for "mask."  The poem is written from a first person point of view—the speaker refers to herself with the pronoun "I"—but we should not assume that the speaker is actually the poet.  In general, it can be misleading to think of the speaker of a poem as the poet since a poet may be writing a fiction in order to make a particular point or convey a certain message.  If we assume the poet is the speaker, we may misinterpret or overlook something crucial in the poem.

As far as the poem's addressee, it is somewhat less clear.  The speaker never directly identifies to whom she is speaking, so it could be anyone.  However, we might speculate based on the way she describes herself as a "middle-aged woman who has nothing better / to do than swim laps in the Y's indoor pool / on a late Friday afternoon."  This description, to me, makes it seem as though the speaker is addressing other middle-aged women like herself.  Something about the lifeguard seems more youthful, perhaps in part because lifeguards are typically young and because of her study of her "split-ends, hangnail, wristwatch."  The speaker seems to be making a statement about her own emotional state at this point in her life, versus a younger woman's. This is a statement that might be difficult to understand if one has not experienced it for oneself.

What is the thesis statement for this monologue in Romeo and Juliet? O serpent heart, hid with a flowering face! Did ever dragon keep so fair a...

This speech is delivered by Juliet immediately after she discovers Romeo has slain Tybalt. Juliet speaks this speech while mostly in shock, and the language is jumping from image to image as she tries to understand her world which has been permanently changed. I'll look at some of the specific lines and then offer up a possible thesis statement that could describe this speech.

O serpent heart, hid with a flow'ring face! / Did ever dragon keep so fair a cave? Beautiful tyrant! fiend angelical! / Dove-feather'd raven! wolvish-ravening lamb! (III.ii.76-79)

First, Juliet describes Romeo as a serpent, hidden by a flower. This flower image goes back to the balcony scene, where Juliet continuously describes Romeo, and their love, with the imagery of roses and flowers. Now, however, she sees him as a serpent, but in the next line, she views Romeo as a dragon. Yet, this imagery changes even more. After being a dragon, Romeo is then a tyrant, an angel, a raven disguised as a dove, and then a lamb that appears to be a wolf. 

What can a reader or listener make of this shifting imagery? It depicts how Juliet is unsure of everything. She is confused and grasping at a solid understanding of Romeo's actions. By the end of the speech, Juliet has gone through many images but settled on the fact that Romeo may be a monster dressed as a god (or whatever image you want to go with). 

A thesis statement could be: Romeo's murdering of Tybalt causes Juliet to question all of her notions of Romeo, although, despite his actions, she still views him as beautiful.

`(x^2 + 5)/((x + 1)(x^2 - 2x + 3))` Write the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression. Check your result algebraically.

`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))` 

Let`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))=A/(x+1)+(Bx+C)/(x^2-2x+3)`

`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))=(A(x^2-2x+3)+(Bx+C)(x+1))/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))`

`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))=(Ax^2-2Ax+3A+Bx^2+Bx+Cx+C)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))`

`:.(x^2+5)=Ax^2-2Ax+3A+Bx^2+Bx+Cx+C`

`x^2+5=(A+B)x^2+(-2A+B+C)x+3A+C`

equating the coefficients of the like terms,

`A+B=1`

`-2A+B+C=0`

`3A+C=5`

Now let's solve the above three equations to find the values of A,B and C,

Express C in terms of A from the third equation,

`C=5-3A`

Substitute the above expression of C in second equation,

`-2A+B+5-3A=0`

`-5A+B+5=0`

`-5A+B=-5`

Now subtract the first equation from the above equation,

`(-5A+B)-(A+B)=-5-1`

`-6A=-6`

`A=1`

Plug the value of A in the first and...

`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))` 

Let`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))=A/(x+1)+(Bx+C)/(x^2-2x+3)`

`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))=(A(x^2-2x+3)+(Bx+C)(x+1))/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))`

`(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))=(Ax^2-2Ax+3A+Bx^2+Bx+Cx+C)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))`

`:.(x^2+5)=Ax^2-2Ax+3A+Bx^2+Bx+Cx+C`

`x^2+5=(A+B)x^2+(-2A+B+C)x+3A+C`

equating the coefficients of the like terms,

`A+B=1`

`-2A+B+C=0`

`3A+C=5`

Now let's solve the above three equations to find the values of A,B and C,

Express C in terms of A from the third equation,

`C=5-3A`

Substitute the above expression of C in second equation,

`-2A+B+5-3A=0`

`-5A+B+5=0`

`-5A+B=-5`

Now subtract the first equation from the above equation,

`(-5A+B)-(A+B)=-5-1`

`-6A=-6`

`A=1`

Plug the value of A in the first and third equation to get the values of B and C,

`1+B=1`  

`B=1-1`

`B=0`

`3(1)+C=5`

`C=5-3`

`C=2`

`:.(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))=1/(x+1)+2/(x^2-2x+3)`

Now let's check it algebraically,

`1/(x+1)+2/(x^2-2x+3)=(1(x^2-2x+3)+2(x+1))/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))` 

`=(x^2-2x+3+2x+2)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))`

`=(x^2+5)/((x+1)(x^2-2x+3))`

Hence it is verified.

Should the United States have remained neutral in World War I?

The United States was neutral at the start of World War I. However, as the war progressed the United States found it very difficult to stay neutral. As a result, we decided to join the war on the side of the Allies. There were reasons why the United States felt it needed to join World War I. The United States, as a neutral nation, had the right to trade with any nation during World War...

The United States was neutral at the start of World War I. However, as the war progressed the United States found it very difficult to stay neutral. As a result, we decided to join the war on the side of the Allies. There were reasons why the United States felt it needed to join World War I. The United States, as a neutral nation, had the right to trade with any nation during World War I. However, if we were trading or providing war materials to a country at war, the other side had the right to seize our ships or sink them after providing for the safety of the crew. Germany was using the submarine as a new weapon. It was designed to frighten countries by sinking merchant ships without warning. This violated our rights as a neutral nation. When Germany agreed to stop sinking our ships without warning, tension decreased between Germany and the United States. However, in 1917, Germany began sinking our ships again without warning. This ultimately led to the United States joining World War I.

There were other factors that made it hard for us to stay neutral. The Germans had tried to get Mexico to attack the United States. Germany wanted Mexico to attack the United States because we would then have to fight a two-front war. When the public heard that if Mexico helped Germany by attacking the United States, Germany was prepared to return the land to Mexico that Mexico gave to us as a result of the Mexican defeat in the Mexican-American War. Americans were outraged at this news. It was difficult for the President to ignore this outrage.

We also had more similarities with Great Britain than we did with Germany. Our language and way of life were similar. We had closer business ties to Great Britain. We were British colonies at one time. Our system of government was closer to Britain’s system of government than it was to Germany’s system of government. It would have been very difficult for the United States to stay neutral in World War I.

On what page of the collections textbook does Macbeth's battle with Macduff and Malcolm begin?

I cannot tell you exactly which page of your particular textbook will contain the passages you need, but I can walk you through the scenes that seem to present the information you're looking for:

We first learn that Malcolm and Macduff have arrived in Scotland and are marching toward Macbeth's castle in Act 5, Scene 2, when several Scots lords discuss the approach of the "English power" led by these two men (5.2.1).

In Act...

I cannot tell you exactly which page of your particular textbook will contain the passages you need, but I can walk you through the scenes that seem to present the information you're looking for:

We first learn that Malcolm and Macduff have arrived in Scotland and are marching toward Macbeth's castle in Act 5, Scene 2, when several Scots lords discuss the approach of the "English power" led by these two men (5.2.1).

In Act 5, Scene 4, Malcolm gives orders for each soldier to "hew him down a bough / And bear 't before him" (5.4.6-7).  This is the tactic they will use to hide their numbers until they reach the castle.

In Act 5, Scene 5, Macbeth learns that his wife has died.

In Act 5, Scene 6, Malcolm's army throws down their boughs and charges the castle.

In Act 5, Scene 7, Macbeth sword-fights Young Siward and bests him, and Macduff enters the castle.

In Act 5, Scene 8, Macduff finally confronts Macbeth, and Macbeth is slain.

Analyze and explain the evidence discussing the inconsistencies between Jefferson in theory and Jefferson in practice (how he actually lived his...

One obvious inconsistency is that Jefferson, while advocating freedom and liberty in his public life, was a lifelong slave owner. He owned more than one working plantation (Monticello being the most famous) and was surrounded by, almost certainly fathered children with enslaved people. While Jefferson prided himself on what he deemed his humane treatment of slaves, he sold several for disciplinary reasons, separating them from their families, and he, like most wealthy Virginians, owed his...

One obvious inconsistency is that Jefferson, while advocating freedom and liberty in his public life, was a lifelong slave owner. He owned more than one working plantation (Monticello being the most famous) and was surrounded by, almost certainly fathered children with enslaved people. While Jefferson prided himself on what he deemed his humane treatment of slaves, he sold several for disciplinary reasons, separating them from their families, and he, like most wealthy Virginians, owed his lifestyle to their labor. For much of his life, Jefferson was a gradual emancipationist, that is, he hoped that a means could be found by which Virginians could gradually grant freedom to slaves, who would then be sent to a colony in Africa. In matters of race, Jefferson was very much a man of his time--he often described African-Americans as inferior (most famously in his Notes on the State of Virginia) and he believed that emancipation without removing free blacks from Virginia would be a disaster. 

Another way that Jefferson's words were inconsistent with his actions emerges during his presidency. While Jefferson was a strict constructionist, believing that the government should not exceed the powers specifically granted to it in the Constitution, he did not strictly follow this philosophy while President. He undertook the Louisiana Purchase, a power not granted to the President in the Constitution and he secured the passage of an embargo, a massive expansion of federal power.

Jefferson (like almost all of his contemporaries) also professed an aversion to political factions and the ugliness of partisan politics. Yet for much of his political career, he probably did more than any other public figure to promote the development of political parties. He employed or encouraged journalists like James Callender and Philip Freneau to use their skills to attack his political rivals, especially Alexander Hamilton. He encouraged James Madison to use his influence in the House of Representatives to defeat Hamilton's program. He left Washington for Monticello while Vice President under John Adams, but continued a vigorous letter-writing campaign to build a political coalition. 

None of this is to suggest that Jefferson was not an important and inspirational voice for liberty. But in many ways, he was a man of his own time. 

What influence do the word/ideas presented by Thomas Jefferson seem to have had on Daniel Shays?

Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that every person has certain rights that can’t be taken away by anybody. He went on to say that if the government doesn’t protect the rights of the people, the people must replace the government. These rights are called the inalienable rights and include the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Daniel Shays believed the government was abusing the rights of the people. Farmers...

Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that every person has certain rights that can’t be taken away by anybody. He went on to say that if the government doesn’t protect the rights of the people, the people must replace the government. These rights are called the inalienable rights and include the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Daniel Shays believed the government was abusing the rights of the people. Farmers in western Massachusetts were upset that their farms were being taken away when the farmers couldn’t pay their debts. Farmers were required to pay their debts in gold or silver. It was difficult for farmers to obtain the gold or silver needed to pay their debts. Farmers were having a hard time selling their crops, and people were concerned that the paper currency had little to no value. Since the government in Massachusetts didn’t pass laws to protect people in debt, farms were being seized when debts weren’t paid. Thus, the farmers revolted to try to keep their farms. After much confusion about who should act to end the rebellion, the militia of Massachusetts put down the rebellion. This rebellion highlighted the need for a new plan of government that would give the federal government more power.

Daniel Shays believed the government wasn’t protecting the rights of the farmers in western Massachusetts. Therefore, he modeled Thomas Jefferson’s ideas and led a rebellion to try to make changes in the government or government policies.

In "The Chambered Nautilus," what are the "webs of living gauze" referred to in Line 8? According to the second stanza, what happened to the nautilus?

In this poem Oliver Wendell Holmes is glorifying the chambered nautilus and mourning the death of a single representative of the species.  In the first several verses, the nautilus is compared to a “ship of pearl,” sailing through “gulfs enchanted.”  This metaphor allows us to understand what is meant by the description “webs of living gauze” (compare this to its “purpled wings” in the first verse).  The gauze is a reference to the canvas from...

In this poem Oliver Wendell Holmes is glorifying the chambered nautilus and mourning the death of a single representative of the species.  In the first several verses, the nautilus is compared to a “ship of pearl,” sailing through “gulfs enchanted.”  This metaphor allows us to understand what is meant by the description “webs of living gauze” (compare this to its “purpled wings” in the first verse).  The gauze is a reference to the canvas from which the sails of ships are made, another instance of comparison between the nautilus and a man-made vessel.  It could also be a reference to the white tentacles of the body of the creature that sometimes protrude from the shell, forming a thick curtain possibly resembling a web.

The first and second verses paint a picture of a tumultuous mythological setting in which the ship is “wrecked” – those “webs of living gauze no more unfurl,” and the nautilus is dead.  Not only is it dead, but it has been crushed, and it’s body, which dwelt inside the shell, has been exposed:

And every chambered shell
…
Before thee lies revealed,
It’s irises ceiling rent, its sunless crypt unsealed!

What are the human-like traits of Rikki?

I think one key human-like trait of Rikki is the fact that he is insatiably curious.  He's so curious that he isn't necessarily afraid of things that he should be wary of.  Kipling tells his readers about Rikki's curiosity fairly early on in the story.  

It is the hardest thing in the world to frighten a mongoose, because he is eaten up from nose to tail with curiosity. The motto of all the mongoose family is "Run and find out," and Rikki-tikki was a true mongoose.

Readers learn from Rikki's actions that he is very curious as well.  In fact, Rikki's curiosity is what keeps him at the human house in the first place. 

"There are more things to find out about in this house," he said to himself, "than all my family could find out in all their lives. I shall certainly stay and find out."

Another human characteristic of Rikki is his bravery.  There are times when Rikki is fighting for his own personal protection, which demands some bravery but not nearly as much bravery as Rikki choosing to follow Nagaina into her den.  

It was dark in the hole; and Rikki-tikki never knew when it might open out and give Nagaina room to turn and strike at him. He held on savagely, and stuck out his feet to act as brakes on the dark slope of the hot, moist earth.

Lastly, Rikki is loyal.  The reader needs to remember that Rikki is not a human, despite how human he can act at times.  He's a mongoose, and he doesn't owe the family anything.  Rikki could leave the humans and the humans might be hurt, but they wouldn't question it.  They know that Rikki is an animal.  Rikki could leave, keep his own safety, and let the humans worry about the snakes.  But Rikki doesn't do this.  He stays fiercely loyal to his human family and is willing to lay his life down in order to save them.  That's an incredibly human thing to do.  

At the end of Chapter Six, Nick describes Gatsby kissing Daisy in Louisville five years before. What is Gatsby giving up when he kisses Daisy?

At the end of Chapter 6, Fitzgerald writes, "He [Gatsby] knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God."  For Gatsby, kissing Daisy is like marrying her; he is vowing to forever pine for her and live for her from that day on.  Chapter 8 also gives a sense of this vow when Fitzgerald writes, "He...

At the end of Chapter 6, Fitzgerald writes, "He [Gatsby] knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God."  For Gatsby, kissing Daisy is like marrying her; he is vowing to forever pine for her and live for her from that day on.  Chapter 8 also gives a sense of this vow when Fitzgerald writes, "He [Gatsby] felt married to her..."  This vow would explain why Gatsby pursues Daisy relentlessly throughout the book; however, unfortunately for Gatsby, Daisy does not feel the same way for Gatsby that he feels for her.  For Daisy, "She wanted her life shaped now, immediately--and the decision must be made by some force--of love, of money, of unquestionable practicality--that was close at hand" (Ch. 8).  When Gatsby left for WWI, Daisy was left alone, so when Tom Buchanan showed up, she had that force she was looking for, thus she settled for Tom. 

How are the seeds dispersed by animals protected?

Animals disperse seeds in two main ways - 1.) by eating the seeds and then shedding them in their droppings and 2.) physically carrying the seeds to other locations.

Seeds which are ingested need to be protected from damage by the animal's teeth and also from the harsh conditions of the digestive system. For this reason, seeds are usually very hard so that they can not be easily crushed between the teeth or so small...

Animals disperse seeds in two main ways - 1.) by eating the seeds and then shedding them in their droppings and 2.) physically carrying the seeds to other locations.

Seeds which are ingested need to be protected from damage by the animal's teeth and also from the harsh conditions of the digestive system. For this reason, seeds are usually very hard so that they can not be easily crushed between the teeth or so small that they can be swallowed whole (for example, raspberry seeds). Seeds also have a tough outer seed coat which is not penetrated by the stomach acids. Thus viable seeds can be passed through the digestive tract.

Some seeds are large and not particularly tasty (for example, a peach pit). This prevents the seed from being eaten along with the fruit in the first place. An animal can carry a fruit like this to a new location to eat it, and then just eat around or spit the pit out. 

The cashew is a particularly interesting plant. The cashew produces a 'cashew apple' and the cashew itself is attached to the bottom of this apple. The apple is very tasty and is food for humans and other animals. However, the cashew is the actual seed, and is encased in a hard shell which contains a chemical which is irritating to the skin. In this way, animals are enticed to collect and eat the apples, dispersing the seeds in the process, but are less likely to try to break open the seed itself.

What is the word for a type of language that includes technical or professional vocabularies, calculations, or formulas?

Jargon is language that is unique to a particular profession or area of interest. A person that is using jargon cannot expect to be understood unless they are speaking to somebody that is from that particular field. If a person uses jargon with somebody unfamiliar with the field, that person may feel like he/she is listening to a different language. This is true within my own family. My wife is a registered nursing instructor and...

Jargon is language that is unique to a particular profession or area of interest. A person that is using jargon cannot expect to be understood unless they are speaking to somebody that is from that particular field. If a person uses jargon with somebody unfamiliar with the field, that person may feel like he/she is listening to a different language. This is true within my own family. My wife is a registered nursing instructor and she is always using words that apply to the field of medicine. She even writes special symbols and abbreviations on our calendars which really confuses me at times. Consider this actual press release, compliments of PRdaily.com:

“We are continuing our efforts that we began last fiscal year to pursue patent infringers in an effort to monetize the value of our extensive patent portfolio.”

Anybody that is not involved in the corporate world is not going to understand what this means because of the overuse of jargon. The sentence means that the company is going to pursue people that steal patented material.

How does having the right animals give a country power?

Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond tries to answer Yali's question of why Europeans have so much more "cargo" than people from New Guinea. The book offers up as an answer what might be called a form of geographical or ecological determinism, arguing that it is not mental habits or culture which lead to such disparities, but accidents of location.

Geographical location, for Diamond, determines the forms of food production readily available to a...

Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond tries to answer Yali's question of why Europeans have so much more "cargo" than people from New Guinea. The book offers up as an answer what might be called a form of geographical or ecological determinism, arguing that it is not mental habits or culture which lead to such disparities, but accidents of location.

Geographical location, for Diamond, determines the forms of food production readily available to a given civilization. Although much of the human diet consists of plants, and easily domesticated plants help with the "neolithic transition" to geographical stability and urbanization, the right kind of animals play several important roles in developing the sort of wealth and economic surplus that leads to relative power.

First, domesticable animals add to the available food supply, providing milk and eggs as well as meat. Next, draft animals make plowing fields far more efficient. Finally, animals such as camels and horses are major means of transportation, able to move faster and carry significantly more weight than humans on foot. In many countries, animals also allow for direct military power as nations employ cavalry, or mounted soldiers, to overcome foot soldiers in wars.

In general, wealthier civilizations with more advanced technologies are more powerful than poorer ones, and thus the economic contributions of the right kind of animals enable countries to grow powerful. 

Where is Calpurnia's house located?

Calpurnia's house is located in what is called the Quarters; it is mainly where the African-American community in Maycomb lives. Although Calpurnia works as a cook and housekeeper for the Finches, she has her own home in the Quarters. As an employee, Calpurnia has been with the family ever since Jem was born. She is a strict yet loving maternal influence in both Jem and Scout's lives.

Calpurnia works in the Finch home during the...

Calpurnia's house is located in what is called the Quarters; it is mainly where the African-American community in Maycomb lives. Although Calpurnia works as a cook and housekeeper for the Finches, she has her own home in the Quarters. As an employee, Calpurnia has been with the family ever since Jem was born. She is a strict yet loving maternal influence in both Jem and Scout's lives.

Calpurnia works in the Finch home during the day and returns to her own home in the Quarters at night. Even on the coldest evenings, Calpurnia insists on going home. In the story, Atticus drives Calpurnia home during one of the coldest winter nights in Maycomb. On this night, Miss Maudie's house burns down, and the men of Maycomb work tirelessly through the night to prevent the fires from claiming other nearby homes. Calpurnia returns the next morning to minister to the children and Atticus.

Later in the story, Calpurnia takes Scout and Jem to the First Purchase African M.E. Church. The church is situated in the Quarters, "outside the southern town limits, across the old sawmill tracks" and is so-named because it was originally purchased from the initial earnings of freed slaves. So, Calpurnia's house is located in the Quarters, where she spends some of her time when she is not tending to the Finches. After the church service at First Purchase, Scout expresses a desire to visit Calpurnia at her home on occasion. Calpurnia answers that Scout will be welcomed warmly if she decides to visit.

What is the final outcome in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?

The outcome of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird involves Atticus losing the Tom Robinson case, the death of the Bob Ewell, Boo Radley's heroic efforts to save the children, Scout's understanding of Boo Radley, and the completion of her moral development. Harper Lee consolidates several of the themes throughout the novel at the end of To Kill a Mockingbird.Atticus loses his case because of the racist Maycomb jury, and the children witness injustice...

The outcome of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird involves Atticus losing the Tom Robinson case, the death of the Bob Ewell, Boo Radley's heroic efforts to save the children, Scout's understanding of Boo Radley, and the completion of her moral development. Harper Lee consolidates several of the themes throughout the novel at the end of To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus loses his case because of the racist Maycomb jury, and the children witness injustice for the first time in their lives. After the trial, Tom Robinson allegedly dies attempting to escape from prison. Bob Ewell, the antagonist, attempts to kill Jem and Scout when they are walking home from a community Haloween festival. Their reclusive neighbor, Boo Radley, saves the children by fighting off Bob Ewell and stabbing him with his own knife. After Boo saves the children, Scout meets him for the first time in Jem's room, and finally realizes he is a caring, friendly neighbor, who happens to be shy. When Atticus asks Scout if she understands why Sheriff Tate won't tell the community about Boo's heroics, Scout says, "Well, it'd be sort of like shootin' a mockingbird, wouldn't it?" (Lee 370) As Scout walks Boo Radley home, she finally is able to view Maycomb from his perspective. Lee ties together the themes of losing childhood innocence, gaining perspective, the importance of moral development, and understanding why it is wrong to harm innocent people at the end of her novel. 

What exactly was John Clay attempting to do and how?

When Holmes sets a trap for John Clay and is waiting in the bank's basement strongroom for him to emerge through the flooring, the reader is shown the prize the notorious criminal is after. Mr. Merryweather the bank director tells Dr. Watson:

"We had occasion some months ago to strengthen our resources and borrowed for that purpose 30,000 napoleons from the Bank of France. It has become known that we have never had occasion to unpack the money, and that it is still lying in our cellar. The crate upon which I sit contains 2,000 napoleons packed between layers of lead foil. Our reserve of bullion is much larger at present than is usually kept in a single branch office, and the directors have had misgivings upon the subject.”

John Clay wanted to dig a tunnel and steal all 30,000 gold coins. They should be worth over $30,000,000 American dollars at today's gold prices. It would have been perhaps the biggest haul in British history, and it was worth all the time and effort Clay and his accomplish, whom he called Archie, put into it.

Clay had to find a place to start his tunnel. That was what brought Jabez Wilson to Sherlock Holmes. Clay managed to get a job in Wilson's pawnshop by offering to work at half wages. But Wilson was in the way. He and his confederate concocted a phony "Red-Headed League" to get Wilson out of the way for four or five hours a day, six days a week (everyone worked on Saturdays in those times). The inspiration for the idea came from the fact that Wilson had unusually brilliant red hair. He was very happy with his sinecure-- but suddenly the League was dissolved. He came to Holmes because he had heard that the detective would work on a pro bono basis if a case interested him. Wilson had little hope of regaining his job, which was paying four pounds a week, about four times the average London clerk's weekly wages, but as he explains:

"But I want to find out about them, and who they are, and what their object was in playing this prank—if it was a prank—upon me. It was a pretty expensive joke for them, for it cost them two and thirty pounds.”

Wilson is super-sensitive about being the victim of jokes and pranks because his red hair has made him the butt of jokes all his life. Holmes only takes his apparently petty case because Wilson's description of his assistant, who calls himself Vincent Spaulding, makes Holmes think he is really the notorious criminal John Clay. Wilson describes him as "Small, stout, very quick in his ways." These are good qualifications for a tunnel-digger. His accomplice, who poses as an official of the Red-Headed League, is also described by Wilson as small. This means they can dig a narrower and lower tunnel and scramble around easily. When they are emerging from the tunnel into the bank's strongroom, Clay asks Archie:

 “Have you the chisel and the bags?"

They do not intend to drag the boxes of gold coins through their tunnel. They will dump the coins into bags, which will be easier to drag. The chisel will be needed for breaking into the boxes. Mr. Wilson is sound asleep at this time of night--and it would be very unfortunate for him if he were to wake up and discover what was going on! The thieves would spend several hours dragging the heavy bags through the tunnel into the pawn shop cellar. Then, they would load the bags into a hired wagon and make off with them before daybreak. Holmes explains to Watson:

“Well, when they closed their League offices that was a sign that they cared no longer about Mr. Jabez Wilson's presence—in other words, that they had completed their tunnel. But it was essential that they should use it soon, as it might be discovered, or the bullion might be removed. Saturday would suit them better than any other day, as it would give them two days for their escape. For all these reasons I expected them to come to-night.”

When Watson first meets Jabez Wilson he describes him as "a very stout, florid-faced elderly gentleman." This is intended to explain why he would never venture down his steep cellar stairs to see what his assistant was doing down there. His florid face suggests high blood pressure and possible heart trouble. Holmes later describes Wilson as "not over-bright," which would explain why the two crooks were able to hoodwink him with their phony Red-Headed League and to dig their tunnel right under his nose.

How does the setting help set the mood/tone of the The Midwife's Apprentice?

The Midwife's Apprentice is set in medieval England, and the realities of life in a small English village during that period of time contribute to the mood and tone of the story in many ways. Even in the first few sentences, a fact of life in medieval England sets the tone:

When animal droppings and garbage and spoiled straw are piled in a great heap, the rotting and moiling give forth heat. Usually no one...

The Midwife's Apprentice is set in medieval England, and the realities of life in a small English village during that period of time contribute to the mood and tone of the story in many ways. Even in the first few sentences, a fact of life in medieval England sets the tone:

When animal droppings and garbage and spoiled straw are piled in a great heap, the rotting and moiling give forth heat. Usually no one gets close enough to notice because of the stench. But the girl noticed, and on that frosty night, burrowed deep into the warm, rotting muck, heedless of the smell.

Medieval England lacked many of the services we take for granted in modern times, such as regular garbage pickup and disposal. During medieval times, there also weren't laws against littering. Because of this, it wasn't unusual for the streets to be full of garbage and other nasty stuff.

But what does this have to do with the mood or tone of the story? Well, Karen Cushman, the author of The Midwife's Apprentice, takes advantage of this "feature" of medieval life to set up a fairly grim mood (this isn't a nice, pretty, perfume-filled place we're reading about).

At the same time, Cushman doesn't use a sad or shocked tone. Instead, she uses a very matter-of-fact, straightforward tone. This makes it clear that the garbage wasn't unusual at all—it was just a fact of life that people were used to. 

What are some motifs in Never Let Me Go?

A Motif is a distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition, and Never Let Me Go is rife with them.

AnimalsThe book is full of animal imagery -- the kids at Hailsham are constantly painting, drawing, or sculpting animals for inclusion in the Gallery. Tommy, specifically, spends a great deal of time drawing his imaginary animals. We return to them over and over, in childhood and adulthood. But the interesting thing...

A Motif is a distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition, and Never Let Me Go is rife with them.

Animals
The book is full of animal imagery -- the kids at Hailsham are constantly painting, drawing, or sculpting animals for inclusion in the Gallery. Tommy, specifically, spends a great deal of time drawing his imaginary animals. We return to them over and over, in childhood and adulthood. But the interesting thing about animals as a motif is that we don't really encounter any real animals. This serves to highlight the divide between the manmade and natural world: between the "originals" and the clones.

Water
Water also plays a key role in the imagery of the book. We encounter it a lot in dreams -- for example, Tommy's dream of two people clinging to each other in the strong current of a river -- but we also are faced to confront a lack of it -- when Kathy, Ruth, and Tommy go to look at the boat that has been abandoned in the sand. Even though too much water can be dangerous, water represents movement and life, whereas a lack of it represents stagnation and death.

The Cassette Tape
The book gets its title from the song that Kathy listens to over and over, and the cassette is the first item on the list of Kathy's lost things. Losing the tape foreshadows all of the loss that she will endure in her life, as her most important relationships begin to drop away.

What thoughts did the postmaster have when he left? How were his emotions different from those of Ratan?

“The grief-stricken face” of Ratan began to haunt the postmaster when he left for his home. The boat had already left the shore when he felt a powerful impulse to take Ratan along with him. But by then, it was too late:

…the boat had got well into the middle of the turbulent current, and already the village was left behind.

The author comments on the postmaster's feelings—“then he felt a pain at heart…” The pain being referred to could be described as the pain arising out of his sympathy for the “lonesome waif,” or it could also be interpreted as the pain caused by his guilty conscience. He knew very well that if he had taken Ratan along with him, all her worries and sorrows would have ended. Still, he didn't do so.

The postmaster, however, began to console himself with philosophical thoughts:

So the traveller... consoled himself with philosophical reflections on the numberless meetings and partings going on in the world—on death, the great parting, from which none returns.

In this way, he tried to disburden himself of the pang of guilt that tormented him.

On the other hand, Ratan was a parentless girl. She had grown much attached to the postmaster, keeping herself busy doing “odd jobs for him” and looking after him. Moreover, the postmaster had begun teaching her how to read. She enjoyed these lessons, and within a short span of time she had made remarkable progress. Since his posting in the village, she had been happy, as she had found a close companion in him. She didn't feel that lonely anymore.

Therefore, despite her request to the postmaster when he left without her, she was heartbroken.

She was wandering about the post office in a flood of tears.

Unlike the postmaster, “Ratan had no philosophy” to support herself with. Her source of consolation was her hope that he would return to take her along with him.

Ratan’s grief was much deeper and stronger than that of the postmaster’s for several reasons. First, unlike him, she had no family to which she could go and seek the warmth of human affection. Second, she was a young, illiterate girl, without a learned man’s philosophical thoughts to console herself with in this time of acute crisis.

So we see that the postmaster had begun to come to terms with the fate of Ratan, finding himself helpless to alleviate her pain, while Ratan “could not tear herself away” despite her deep grief because “she had still a lurking hope in some corner of her heart that her Dada [the postmaster] would return.”

What were the political, social and economic effects on the caribbean and Europe in world War 1?

World War I had a devastating effect on the major powers of Europe.  After the war, new countries were formed and old empires were disbanded.  The war had a very negative impact on Europe as most countries assumed massive debt during the war and were close to bankruptcy and collapse.  Many of the countries of Europe, including Germany, experimented with representative democracies that would ultimately fail due to the diversity of the many political factions...

World War I had a devastating effect on the major powers of Europe.  After the war, new countries were formed and old empires were disbanded.  The war had a very negative impact on Europe as most countries assumed massive debt during the war and were close to bankruptcy and collapse.  Many of the countries of Europe, including Germany, experimented with representative democracies that would ultimately fail due to the diversity of the many political factions within them.  In addition to the uneasy political and economic climate of Europe, the Treaty of Versailles had created a high degree of resentment between the German people and the Allied Powers of Britain and France.  In the Caribbean, the people were disillusioned by the war.  Many had fought and others lost their lives for the imperial powers.  The native populations of this region developed nationalist tendencies that led to political and social unrest towards their "mother country."  In addition, the United States had gained greater influence in the Caribbean and the influence of Europe in the region was on the decline.  

Why is Rainsford confused about the size of the recoil created by the shot he heard in The Most Dangerous Game?

Early in the story, Rainsford has come back out on deck to have a smoke.  While alone on deck, he hears three gunshots.  

Somewhere, off in the blackness, someone had fired a gun three times.

Rainsford is immediately curious, because he is on a boat in the middle of nowhere.  There is an island off to the side of the boat, but the island isn't supposed to have people living on it.  

Even...

Early in the story, Rainsford has come back out on deck to have a smoke.  While alone on deck, he hears three gunshots.  

Somewhere, off in the blackness, someone had fired a gun three times.

Rainsford is immediately curious, because he is on a boat in the middle of nowhere.  There is an island off to the side of the boat, but the island isn't supposed to have people living on it.  

Even cannibals wouldn't live in such a God-forsaken place.

Rainsford is curious because he wonders who might actually be on that island.  He's also curious, because he himself is a hunter, and hearing gunshots always piques his interest about the shooter and the type of firearm being shot.  Unfortunately for Rainsford, being super curious about the gunshot didn't work out so well for him.  He fell overboard straining to hear or see something else.  

While swimming toward the island, Rainsford heard another gunshot.  

He heard it again; then it was cut short by another noise, crisp, staccato. "Pistol shot," muttered Rainsford, swimming on.

That tells the reader a little bit about how good Rainsford is as a hunter and weapons expert.  He knows what type of gun is being fired just by hearing it (while still swimming to get to the island).  

What most confuses Rainsford though is his discovery that the pistol in question is a small caliber pistol.  A very small caliber pistol.  He knows this because he found an empty cartridge on the ground. 

"A twenty-two," he remarked. "That's odd. It must have been a fairly large animal too. The hunter had his nerve with him to tackle it with a light gun. It's clear that the brute put up a fight.

Rainsford is an accomplished hunter, so he knows what it means to put a target down.  He knows that when hunting big game, a hunter uses a big round.  Rainsford is confused by the fact that the brush damage to the area indicates a big prey, but the empty cartridge and recoil sound is for a small caliber pistol.  That tells him the other hunter is very good, very stupid, or very brave.  

What is a summary of chapter 23 of The Story of My Life?

Chapter 23 is the last chapter in Part I, and, in it, Keller describes the many friends who have made her life so full and happy. One of these friends is Bishop Brooks, with whom Keller had a long and intelligent correspondence about spiritual matters. He told Keller not about dogma but about the universal brotherhood of all people and about the existence of God. At the time Keller wrote this chapter, Brooks had already...

Chapter 23 is the last chapter in Part I, and, in it, Keller describes the many friends who have made her life so full and happy. One of these friends is Bishop Brooks, with whom Keller had a long and intelligent correspondence about spiritual matters. He told Keller not about dogma but about the universal brotherhood of all people and about the existence of God. At the time Keller wrote this chapter, Brooks had already died.

Keller also writes about Oliver Wendell Holmes, a poet and physician for whom Keller recited a Tennyson poem. Keller also recalls visiting Whittier, referring to John Greenleaf Whittier, a New England poet. Keller recited several of his poems and promised to visit him again, but he died before she could do so. She also recalls having visited Edward Everett Hale, a minister and author, and she enjoyed a long friendship with Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, who was the person who first put Keller's father in touch with the Perkins Institute in Boston (where Anne Sullivan worked). Bell was the inventor of the telephone and dedicated a great deal of his life to helping the deaf. As Keller writes, "He is never quite so happy as when he has a little deaf child in his arms."

Keller also talks about the literary figures she met at the house of Laurence Hutton in New York. At his home, Keller was introduced to many of the leading writers of her day, including Mark Twain and William Dean Howells. Though Keller was blind and deaf, her world was wide, and she enjoyed friendships with many of the leading cultural, literary, and scientific figures of her day. Her friendships with public figures would have been rare for any woman of her day, but particularly for a woman who was blind and deaf. 

How does the snowman bring Jem, Atticus, and Scout closer in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Jem and Scout work together to build the snowman with their father's input. First, Scout and Jem gather all the snow they can find outside using a basket. Jem tells Scout that they will make a full-sized snowman. Jem uses a mixture of dirt and snow to create the snowman's torso. Their snowman has a large stomach, and the children decide he looks like Mr. Avery. They continued to build the snowman:

Using bits of wood for eyes, nose, mouth, and buttons, Jem succeeded in making Mr. Avery look cross. A stick of stovewood completed the picture. Jem stepped back and viewed his creation (Chapter 8).

When Atticus comes home, he admires their snowman. He had not thought they would be able to find enough snow. Atticus continues to look at the snowman, and he realizes it looks like Mr. Avery. He suggests they disguise it. Atticus gives them advice:

Atticus suggested that Jem hone down his creation's front a little, swap a broom for the stovewood, and put an apron on him.

Atticus tells the children that they "can't go around making caricatures of the neighbors." Jem has an idea, and he runs over to Miss Maudie's house. He borrows her hat and hedge-trimmers and places them on the snowman. Miss Maudie pretends to be upset, and they are all amused.

Working together, the children and their father transform the snowman from Mr. Avery to Miss Maudie. They enjoy their time spent together, which brings them closer. Usually, Scout and Jem play alone without their father.

What does Toby do when Sarah and some of the other slaves can't stand the beatings any more?

In the old folktale, The People Could Fly, Toby tells Sarah and the other slaves to fly away when they can't stand the beatings any longer. According to the folktale, some of the African slaves keep their ability to fly a secret from their overseers.

When Sarah's baby cries from hunger, the overseer whips him even as he is strapped to Sarah's back. Later, Sarah is whipped so hard that she can no longer stand...

In the old folktale, The People Could Fly, Toby tells Sarah and the other slaves to fly away when they can't stand the beatings any longer. According to the folktale, some of the African slaves keep their ability to fly a secret from their overseers.

When Sarah's baby cries from hunger, the overseer whips him even as he is strapped to Sarah's back. Later, Sarah is whipped so hard that she can no longer stand up. It is then that she begs her father, Toby, to say the magic words which will allow her to fly away. He agrees and proceeds to say the first of the magic words, 'Kum...yali, kum buba tambe...' Although Sarah's first foray into flight is initially awkward, her courage is soon strengthened when she feels the familiar African magic upon her.

As other slaves fall from exhaustion and pain, Toby speaks the familiar magic words which give them the strength and will to fly away. Eventually, the furious overseer prepares to kill Toby. However, his plans are thwarted when Toby speaks the magic words one last time and flies away with many of the slaves. Only the ones who cannot fly are left in the fields.

In Beowulf, what had Herot symbolized before the coming of Grendel? After?

Herot (or Heorot, in some versions) is the name Hrothgar's mead hall in the epic poem Beowulf. It is the main fortress for the Danes and a major symbol of wealth, power, and control. Before Grendel begins attacking the fortress, one can view it as a symbol of security, order, and civilization, as a structured haven safe from the chaos of the wilderness. 

After Grendel attacks Herot, the hall is understandably left in disarray,...

Herot (or Heorot, in some versions) is the name Hrothgar's mead hall in the epic poem Beowulf. It is the main fortress for the Danes and a major symbol of wealth, power, and control. Before Grendel begins attacking the fortress, one can view it as a symbol of security, order, and civilization, as a structured haven safe from the chaos of the wilderness. 

After Grendel attacks Herot, the hall is understandably left in disarray, and no Dane is brave enough to spend too much time there, especially after dark. Essentially, Grendel's raids subvert Herot's image as a safe fortress, and so the order of Hrothgar's reign is accordingly also brought into question. In a nutshell, after Grendel's attacks Herot comes to symbolize disorder, chaos, and weakness.

It is impossible not to read a religious layer onto this idea. Grendel is generally taken to be a descendent of Cain, the exiled Biblical character who murdered his brother, Abel. As such, Grendel represents the heathen barbarity cast out of God's community. In contrast, Hrothgar's Herot can be seen as a symbol of Christian order and security, as a community favored by God. As such, the different phases of Herot can also be seen as different phases of Christian spirituality; on the one hand, you have the peace of God's approval and, on the other, you have the disarray following the dismantling chaos of "heathen" culture. In many ways, therefore, Herot's development can be seen as a commentary on what is perceived to be religious virtue as opposed to what is not. 

In what way is a wolf's body structure better than a human's body structure?

I think what you mean here is better adapted, rather than better for the habitat in which wolves live and for the niche that wolves fill in nature. A wolf and a human carry out different roles in nature.

The wolf is a predator of such organisms as deer, moose, buffalo, beavers and others. Its body contains sharp curved canine teeth for tearing flesh and back teeth capable of chewing through bones. Humans have...

I think what you mean here is better adapted, rather than better for the habitat in which wolves live and for the niche that wolves fill in nature. A wolf and a human carry out different roles in nature.

The wolf is a predator of such organisms as deer, moose, buffalo, beavers and others. Its body contains sharp curved canine teeth for tearing flesh and back teeth capable of chewing through bones. Humans have small canine teeth which are not curved or as strong as a wolf's. Their tongue is rough compared to that of a human and is adapted to help them scrape meat off bones while eating.

Their feet contain claws and fleshy paws to help travel through snow. Their front feet are wider than their back feet and they possess long legs. Because they tend to hunt during night hours, they have excellent night vision. They are also able to smell and hear more than humans are able to. They don't see well in color and are more adapted to see far and sense motion. This enables them to track and kill prey. They possess ears covered in fur. 

Wolves are covered in a thick coat that provides protection from the elements, keeping them both warm and dry. This coat is colored for camouflage, as it is usually brown or gray with black and white hairs mixed in. The upper layer is coarser and contains guard hairs which help to keep the wolf dry. It is usually oily. In winter there is a thick coating of fur beneath the upper layer to provide added insulation.

Wolves are social animals that hunt in packs. They use their large brain, specifically their cerebrums, to help them to engage in pack activities. Humans, however, have a superior intellect to wolves and a larger cerebrum to body size.

The limbs of wolves have radius and ulna bones (as do humans) however theirs are in the locked position which enables them to have greater ability to be fast, agile and stable while running. 

Both humans and wolves are mammals and share many homologous structures, which points to their common ancestry. However, during the course of evolution, these structures have become fine-tuned to enable these organisms to fulfill their subsequent roles in nature.

What is the main theme of "Suicide in the Trenches" by Siegfried Sassoon?

“Suicide in the Trenches” by Siegfried Sassoon was written as the author was serving in the military during World War I, and is a commentary on the disparity between the reality of war and society’s perception of it at that time. The poem is short – only three stanzas, all of four lines of iambic tetrameter with a rhyme scheme of aabb, which all combine for an easy read. The poem is blunt and straightforward, without parsing any words or using complicated devices, which drives the meaning home and speaks to the gravity of the subject.

The poem opens with a brief description of a soldier – “a simple…boy/Who grinned at life in empty joy.” A standard youth, one of many just like him recruited to fight for his country on the battlefield. He had no troubles, no fears, nothing to keep him up at night. And yet, in the trenches in the second verse, in winter, in miserable conditions, this same young, happy lad chooses to kill himself rather than endure any more of the suffering. The final line of the second verse comments on this boy’s fate, which mirrors that of countless young lives lost during WWI, forgotten and buried under the war itself – “No one spoke of him again.”  This line is also the only one in the poem to break from the metrical scheme.

The final verse adopts an accusing tone, describing the cheering crowds seeing soldiers off to war as “smug-faced,” full of people who will later “sneak home,” perhaps in furtive guilt, as criminals sneak, to live in blissful ignorance of the ruinous consequences of war, to never know the damage it inflicts upon these young minds and bodies. The poem overall is very bitter and reproachful, lashing out, almost, at the willful ignorance of the general public and the lack of understanding for the evils bred within a war.

What is Mira's character like in "Games at Twilight"?

Mira is the alpha leader of the group.  Kids do what she says, because she has a dominating personality.  Some people might call is bossy, and I would agree with that, but the story describes her personality a tiny bit differently.  

The motherly Mira intervened. She pulled the boys roughly apart.

Okay, so Mira is "motherly."  I still think bossy based on the following paragraph.  

"Make a circle, make a circle!'' she shouted,...

Mira is the alpha leader of the group.  Kids do what she says, because she has a dominating personality.  Some people might call is bossy, and I would agree with that, but the story describes her personality a tiny bit differently.  

The motherly Mira intervened. She pulled the boys roughly apart.

Okay, so Mira is "motherly."  I still think bossy based on the following paragraph.  

"Make a circle, make a circle!'' she shouted, firmly pulling and pushing till a kind of vague circle was formed. "Now clap!'' she roared,. . . 

Mira says, kids do.  Bossy and motherly are a lot alike I believe.  Moms are in charge of their kids.  When my mom told my brother and I to do something, we were expected to do it.  I also believe that Mira is likely bigger and stronger than many of the kids in the group. Perhaps she is older, which is why she is able to be bigger and stronger.  But the text says that she verbally gives orders and physically pushes and pulls people around.  That sounds bossy to me. 

What are the similarities and differences between "The Yellow Wallpaper" and The Scarlet Letter?

These are two very disparate pieces of literature. Aside from the former being a short story and the latter a novel, both take place within two very different times: The Scarlet Letter is a novel that deals with Puritan life in Massachusetts in the 1600s, while "The Yellow Wallpaper" takes place in a colonial mansion (perhaps in Providence, Rhode Island) in the late 19th-century. In terms of setting, both are New England tales.

Gilman wrote the "The Yellow Wallpaper" during what was probably her own experience of what we now call post-partum depression. The tale was a reaction to medical science's explanations for emotional disturbances among women, and particularly accepted cures for "hysteria." In Gilman's case, her doctor recommended that she embrace all things domestic. She creates a character in her story who does exactly this. The result is that she goes mad, but also experiences a lucid epiphany: she is imprisoned by domesticity. 

It is important, too, that "The Yellow Wallpaper" is narrated by a female protagonist. Nathaniel Hawthorne, on the other hand, creates a third-person omniscient narrator who tells the story of Hester Prynne.

The only way in which the works are similar is in their explorations of female identity, and the ways in which women have been oppressed by the social expectations of certain times. Of course, in The Scarlet Letter, Hester's transgression is a flagrant one, even by modern standards: she commits the sin of adultery and has a child as a result of the encounter. In Gilman's story, the struggle is that of a woman who wants to write, but is discouraged by her doctors and her husband, John. Both female characters wish to live according to their own desires, a wish that is socially unacceptable.

If you are going to do a comparative analysis of these works, I would consider giving both a feminist reading. With "The Yellow Wallpaper," this is easy because it is a tale with an explicitly feminist message. However, be sure to remember that Hawthorne and Gilman employ different literary devices and probably have different agendas in their telling of these stories. 

What poetic devices are used in "Richard Cory?"

The poetic devices used in "Richard Cory" by Edwin Arlington Robinson include sound devices, repetition devices, rhyme, and rhythm.

The sound devices that stand out are alliteration and consonance. Alliteration is the repetition of initial consonant sounds. The predominant initial consonant throughout the poem is /w/. Phrases with words in close proximity that start with /w/ are "whenever Richard Cory went down town" and "still we worked and waited for the light." The repetition of the /w/ sound can evoke the feeling of questioning (what? or why?) or a wail of sorrow or complaint. Another use of alliteration is "we people on the pavement," which repeats the /p/ sound. Consonance, repetition of internal or end consonant sounds, occurs in the words "fluttered" and "glittered." These are light sounding words, adding a sense of grace and ease to the description of Richard Cory.

Anaphora is the technique of repeating the same words at the beginning of successive clauses. We see this used in lines 5 and 6: "And he was always." Other lines also start with "and he" or simply "and." This technique binds the poem together and also gives the feeling that it is being narrated by someone close to the situation speaking in his own words. It also creates a monotony that makes the abrupt ending more surprising.

The poem has a formal rhyme scheme and rhythm. It is written in consistent iambic pentameter, meaning each line consists of ten syllables of alternating unaccented and accented stresses. The effect of this is to make the poem very steady and predictable, making the surprise ending come as more of a shock because the reader has been lulled by the very consistent and regular rhythm. Nothing in the words or their sounds has suggested  that something sudden or violent is going to occur, so the steadiness of the rhythm and meter, along with the regular abab rhyme scheme, forms a  stark, ironic contrast to the surprising ending. 

Find the next three terms in each geometric sequence. 7. 2500,500,100,... 8. 2,6,18,...

In a geometric series, the ratio of any two successive numbers is same and we can use that to determine the numbers in the series.

In case 1, the numbers are 2500, 500 and 100. Let us find the constant ratio between these number. 

The ratio between 2500 and 500 is 1/5 (= 500/2500). Similarly, the ratio between 500 and 100 is also 1/5 ( = 100/500). Thus the next number in the series would be 20 (= 100 x 1/5), 4 (= 20 x 1/5) and 4/5 or 0.8.

Thus the series is 2500, 500, 100, 20, 4, 4/5,.....

Similarly for the second case, the series is 2, 6, 18,.. And the ratio between two successive terms is 3 (= 6/2 = 18/6). The next number is series would be 54 (= 18 x 3), 162 (= 54 x 3) and 486 ( = 162 x 3).

Thus the series is 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486,.....

Hope this helps. 

What is Jonas's reaction to the first memory? What about the Giver?

The first memory that Jonas receives is in chapter 11 of Lowry's The Giver. It is also the same memory that the Giver himself received when he was in training as a young boy. The first memory is of the cold, a sled, and sliding down a hill of snow. Jonas, who has never experienced cold or snow, has an "exhilarating ride" (82). The Giver asks how he feels and Jonas uses the word ...

The first memory that Jonas receives is in chapter 11 of Lowry's The Giver. It is also the same memory that the Giver himself received when he was in training as a young boy. The first memory is of the cold, a sled, and sliding down a hill of snow. Jonas, who has never experienced cold or snow, has an "exhilarating ride" (82). The Giver asks how he feels and Jonas uses the word surprised to describe the experience. But Jonas then learns that not only did he receive that memory, but the Giver actually gave it away. The Giver feels relieved, though--as if a light load has been lifted from his shoulders. Then Jonas feels guilty that he has the memory of sledding down the hill, but the Giver does not. He says the following:

"But it was such fun! And now you don't have it anymore! I took it from you!" (83).

The Giver explains that one memory does not compare to the thousands more that he has. The main idea to know from this scene is that the memories physically, psychologically, and emotionally weigh the Giver down. There is pain associated with bearing the weight of those memories. This means that Jonas will eventually bear the whole of this burden and the Giver will feel more and more relieved. 

What are the underlying and immediate causes of the Civil War?

The immediate cause of the Civil War was the attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861. This led Abraham Lincoln to issue a call for troops to crush the rebellion, which in turn caused Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas to secede from the Union. After this event, the Civil War was on. 

The underlying causes of the war were more complex, but can be traced to the divisive issue of...

The immediate cause of the Civil War was the attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate batteries in April of 1861. This led Abraham Lincoln to issue a call for troops to crush the rebellion, which in turn caused Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Arkansas to secede from the Union. After this event, the Civil War was on. 

The underlying causes of the war were more complex, but can be traced to the divisive issue of slavery. Long a simmering issue, it became particularly toxic in the aftermath of the Mexican War, which raised the question of the expansion of slavery into the western territories. This political issue was increasing powered by the moral force of the abolitionist movement in the North. While most Northerners were not abolitionists, many were beginning to resent what they saw as the South's attempts to control the nation's politics. In the South, on the other hand, there was a fear that Northern sentiment was turning against them, and that if the federal government fell into the hands of antislavery men, they might move against slavery. The fact that the industrial North and the agricultural South were drifting apart culturally and economically exacerbated matters--slavery, in fact, was a leading cause of this divergence as well.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act, which permitted popular sovereignty (a vote) on the issue of slavery in Kansas, where slavery was previously prohibited, destroyed the so-called second two-party system, introducing a new party, the Republicans, devoted to resisting the expansion of the institution. When Abraham Lincoln, a Republican, was elected in 1860, South Carolina led the states of the lower South out of the Union, which set the stage for the more immediate causes. 

In a few words, the immediate cause was secession and firing on Fort Sumter, and the underlying cause was the political issue of slavery.

What would Robert E. Lee think of about the Gettysburg address?

Robert E. Lee probably would have supported the ideas contained in the Gettysburg Address. President Lincoln went to Gettysburg in November 1863 to commemorate the cemetery where many soldiers were buried as a result of the Battle of Gettysburg. In his speech, President Lincoln talked about these soldiers died for a cause for which they were fighting. President Lincoln emphasized that is was the responsibility of the living to finish the work that these soldiers...

Robert E. Lee probably would have supported the ideas contained in the Gettysburg Address. President Lincoln went to Gettysburg in November 1863 to commemorate the cemetery where many soldiers were buried as a result of the Battle of Gettysburg. In his speech, President Lincoln talked about these soldiers died for a cause for which they were fighting. President Lincoln emphasized that is was the responsibility of the living to finish the work that these soldiers began. These soldiers were fighting for the ideas containing in the Constitution and for the ideals for which we fought in the Revolutionary War. We believed that government must respond to the needs of the people and must protect the rights of the people.

Robert E. Lee understood these ideas very well. Robert E. Lee said he would fight on whatever side his home state of Virginia joined. He understood the causes for which each side was fighting. His belief in the southern reasons for fighting was as strong as President Lincoln’s belief in the northern causes for fighting. Robert E. Lee believed that his soldiers also died for a cause for which they were fighting. He believed the living soldiers in the South needed to carry on the fight for those southern soldiers that had died. Robert E. probably would have fully supported the ideas contained in the Gettysburg address.

What three things will Shylock do with a Christian?

In Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice," Shylock lays out his conflicted feelings about Christians when Bassanio asks Shylock for a loan of 3,000 ducats. Bassanio wants to borrow the money from Shylock, with Antonio's wealth backing Bassanio up. Shylock seems willing to make the investment, but wants to talk with Antonio first. Bassanio invites Shylock to dine with him and Antonio so they can discuss the agreement, but Shylock is repulsed, saying, "Yes, to smell...

In Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice," Shylock lays out his conflicted feelings about Christians when Bassanio asks Shylock for a loan of 3,000 ducats. Bassanio wants to borrow the money from Shylock, with Antonio's wealth backing Bassanio up. Shylock seems willing to make the investment, but wants to talk with Antonio first. Bassanio invites Shylock to dine with him and Antonio so they can discuss the agreement, but Shylock is repulsed, saying, 

"Yes, to smell pork; to eat of the habitation which
your prophet the Nazarite conjured the devil into. I
will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, 
walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat
with you, drink with you, nor pray with you" (1.3.34-38).

So Shylock is perfectly willing to do business with Christians—in fact he doesn't have much of a choice, as a money lender in Venice at the time Shakespeare wrote the play. He relies on the Christian majority and their loans to keep his business going. He also says he will walk and talk with Christians without (much) complaint. 

Where Shylock draws the line is at eating, drinking, and praying with Christians. He indicates why at the beginning of the above quote. Jews like Shylock keep kosher—they follow the Torah's rules for clean and unclean foods and ways of storing and preparing them. Christians do not follow these same rules. Shylock predicts that dining with Bassanio and Antonio will mean a dinner that is not kosher—including pork (pigs are one of the animals God forbade people from eating in the Torah—Lev. 11:3; Deut. 14:6). 

It's not just the social awkwardness of avoiding foods that keeps Shylock from eating, drinking, or praying with Christians, though. This quote gets at the fundamental differences between Jews and Christians that Shylock seems to think—at least at this point in the play—are insurmountable. The Christians of the story are just too different for them to have any personal connections with one another to to build a diverse community with. Even though the setting of Venice in Shakespeare time was a hub of trade with numerous nationalities, religions, and cultures, Shylock's comment suggests that it was not a melting pot where everyone got along. He is unwilling to engage in anything but the most surface-level interactions with Christians. Judging from most of the Christian characters' casual Antisemitism, the feeling is mutual. 

In Romeo and Juliet -Act 2, scene 2, why does Romeo not tell Juliet he's there at the very beginning? What is he doing instead?

Act II, Scene 2 of Romeo and Juliet is the famous balcony scene where the two offspring of the Montagues and Capulets express their love for each other. In Act I we are introduced to both characters and understand the stresses in their lives. They come from families which are embroiled in a bitter feud, Romeo is in love with a woman who does not reciprocate his love, and Juliet is being encouraged to marry a man she barely knows.

The two meet when Romeo and his friends "crash" the Capulet's party. Romeo comes to the party ostensibly to see the woman he loves, "the fair Rosaline," but, once he sees Juliet from across the room he immediately forgets about his previous infatuation. Shakespeare wants you to believe that it is love at first sight. In Act I, Scene 5, Romeo says,

O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!
It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night
As a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear—
Beauty too rich for use, for Earth too dear.
So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows
As yonder lady o’er her fellows shows.

Likewise, once she lays eyes upon the young Montague, Juliet is smitten. At first meeting she allows Romeo to steal a kiss from her. The end of the party disrupts their meeting and at the end Act I they learn the truth of their identities. Not satisfied, Romeo ditches Mercutio and Benvolio and goes over the wall into the Capulet's orchard to see if he can catch a glimpse of Juliet. He risks life and limb in doing so because he has already drawn the ire of Juliet's cousin, the belligerent Tybalt.

When he sees Juliet up in the balcony Romeo continues the theme of comparing her to something bright:

But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?
It is the East, and Juliet is the sun.
Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,
Who is already sick and pale with grief

For Romeo, Juliet is the light. Before meeting her he has been depressed and it is said that he often locked himself in his room and shut out the light. He stands below her balcony without revealing himself for several minutes admiring her and he again he notices her amazing beauty:

The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars
As daylight doth a lamp; her eye in heaven
Would through the airy region stream so bright
That birds would sing and think it were not night.

It is not clear whether Romeo would have ever spoken to Juliet if he had not heard her refer to him as she muses quietly to herself. Romeo listens without speaking as Juliet utters the famous lines and laments the fact that Romeo is a Montague:

O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?
Deny thy father and refuse thy name,
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I’ll no longer be a Capulet.

Finally, Romeo speaks up and the plot is propelled forward as they make arrangements for marriage in some of the most beautiful language ever written by Shakespeare. The scene has been performed and filmed many times. The best of these is probably Zeffirelli's 1968 version which really captures the youthful enthusiasm of the two characters. It also gives a good picture of what the Capulet estate might look like and how Romeo enters and stands under a tree while spying Juliet on the balcony before the two speak.

What are 3 examples of repetition in Brutus's speech after he kills Caesar?

The first example of repetition is in the beginning of the speech where Brutus is trying to get the audience to listen to him.  In this part of the speech he emphasizes his actions by repeating the words “me” and “mine” to get their attention.

Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my
cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me
for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that
you may believe (Act 3, Scene 2)

In addition to repeating the first person pronouns, Brutus also repeats the words “believe” and “honor.”  All of these emphasize the idea that the audience needs to believe Brutus because he is honorable.  He is trying to make himself credible.

Brutus also repeats “as he was” several times, to emphasize Caesar’s actions and the image he is trying to present for him.

As Caesar loved me, I weep for him;
as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was
valiant, I honour him: but, as he was ambitious, I
slew him. (Act 3, Scene 2)

With this repetition, Brutus contrasts himself with Caesar and justifies his actions.  He is demonstrating why he killed Caesar.  He still uses first person pronouns, saying “I” instead of “we.”  Brutus is trying to position himself as the savior of Rome.  In the next section he repeats “his” for the same effect.

Finally, Brutus uses “have I offended” repeatedly.  He is trying to emphasize that no one can logically oppose his actions or his viewpoint.

If any, speak; for him have I offended.
Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If
any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so
vile that will not love his country? If any, speak;
for him have I offended. (Act 3, Scene 2)

With this repetition, Brutus basically ensures that no one in the audience will speak against him.  He equates anyone who supported Caesar with supporting slavery.  If you disagree with Brutus, you do not love your country.

Brutus’s speech is cold and calculated.  It is designed to win the people over with logic and careful manipulation.  Unfortunately, Antony has style.  He is able to theatrically call attention to the actions Brutus so carefully tried to justify.  He sarcastically calls Brutus and the others “honorable men,” playing on Brutus’s characterization of himself.  He shows the audience Caesar’s bloody shroud and points out the stab holes, and he brandishes Caesar’s will.  In doing so, he successfully eliminates any good will that Brutus generated for himself and wins the people over.

What is a quote in the book Of Mice and Men describing Curley's wife?

Curley's wife first appears in the bunkhouse in Chapter Two.

Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. "I'm lookin' for Curley," she said. Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality.

George looked away from her and then back. "He was in here a minute ago, but he went."

"Oh!" She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. "You're the new fellas that just come, ain't ya?"

Curley's wife is very young. She gives the false impression that she is flirtatious and probably promiscuous. The fact is that she has fantasies about becoming a movie star, as she reveals to Lennie in the barn shortly before he kills her. She is trying out her sex appeal on the only audience available to her--the men who work on the ranch. She has nothing to do with her time except to read movie magazines and experiment with her appearance and mannerisms. When she puts her hands behind her back and leans against the door frame so that her body is thrown forward, this is a pose she is evidently copying from a picture she saw in some fan magazine. She does this in order to make her breasts seem larger than they actually are. Her makeup and her shoes with ostrich feathers are out of place in this environment and betray the fact that she is very young and very ignorant. She started hanging around a dance hall in Salinas when she was only fifteen and has probably never been to high school. Curley has a big inferiority complex because of his small size. He probably married this young girl because he does not know whether he could relate to an older woman. Most of the men consider her a potential troublemaker. Lennie, however, is enchanted.

Lennie's eyes moved down over her body, and though she did not seem to be looking at Lennie she bridled a little.

The fact that she "bridled a little" seems to suggest that she is only a little girl playing at being a sexy movie star like Jean Harlow. She wants to be admired, but she doesn't really want anything more than that from any of these men. Her behavior causes her husband Curley to be jealous and suspicious of every man on the ranch. This foreshadows future trouble.

George looked around at Lennie. "Jesus, what a tramp," he said. "So that's what Curley picks for a wife."

"She purty," said Lennie defensively.

George is immediately apprehensive. Lennie is showing an interest in something besides mice and rabbits. 

"Listen to me, you crazy bastard," he said fiercely. "Don't you even take a look at that bitch. I don't care what she says and what she does. I seen 'em poison before, but I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her. You leave her be."

Lennie will remember George's anger and George's orders when he is alone with Curley's wife in the barn. Lennie won't let go of the girl's soft hair and she won't stop struggling and screaming. Lennie realizes he is getting into just the sort of trouble that George warned him against, and he accidentally kills the frail girl in a desperate attempt to stop her from screaming. This tragic event is foreshadowed by the girl's first appearance in the doorway of the bunkhouse.

What do King, Peaches and Johnny think are the best ways to illegally acquire money?

In Walter Dean Myers' novel Monster, James King is one of the thugs who planned and executed the convenience store robbery with Steve Harmon, the novel's protagonist. As a young kid in a bad neighborhood, Steve used to look up to King as an older and tougher mentor—which is probably why King was able to convince him to participate in the robbery. In this early scene, readers see King, along with Steve and other...

In Walter Dean Myers' novel Monster, James King is one of the thugs who planned and executed the convenience store robbery with Steve Harmon, the novel's protagonist. As a young kid in a bad neighborhood, Steve used to look up to King as an older and tougher mentor—which is probably why King was able to convince him to participate in the robbery. In this early scene, readers see King, along with Steve and other Harlem residents Johnny and Peaches, talking about how hard life can be and what they can do to make things easier.

Peaches suggests robbing a bank to get some money, but Johnny disagrees, saying, "Bank money is too serious. The man comes down hard for bank money." He continues with a new suggestion, "You need to find a getover where nobody don't care—you know what I mean. You cop from somebody with a green card or an illegal and they don't even report it" (pg. 51).

Johnny is making the argument that the best ways to get money are by taking it from people that the police and society as a whole don't care too much about protecting. The example he gives is robbing undocumented immigrants, who will be too scared of deportation to report the theft to the police.

Peaches goes on to suggest restaurant owners as good people to rob and then notes that restaurants, drugstores, and liquor stores are pretty much the only businesses left in their neighborhood.

In this scene we see the seed planted in King's mind for the drugstore hold-up that gets Steve arrested and put on trial—the primary conflict of the novel. We also get some insight into the personalities and ethics of the people Steve hung out with before the robbery. They are tough and hard, fully committed to their own needs and wants and unwilling to consider how their actions might hurt other people.

How is Mr. Pearson characterized in "Raymond's Run"?

Toni Cade Bambara provides the reader with an indirect characterization of Mr. Pearson in “Raymond’s Run.” She does not specifically state his character attributes by saying he is kind or caring. Instead she describes him, allows the reader access to Squeaky’s thoughts about him, and includes his dialogue with her.

Mr. Pearson is the man who makes sure the runners are signed for the May Day race. The author describes him as carrying and dropping...

Toni Cade Bambara provides the reader with an indirect characterization of Mr. Pearson in “Raymond’s Run.” She does not specifically state his character attributes by saying he is kind or caring. Instead she describes him, allows the reader access to Squeaky’s thoughts about him, and includes his dialogue with her.

Mr. Pearson is the man who makes sure the runners are signed for the May Day race. The author describes him as carrying and dropping many items, therefore he could be described as being discombobulated. It is interesting that he walks around on stilts, it makes him comedic. The neighborhood children used to take advantage of him by calling him “Jack and the Beanstalk.” He does not take kindly to his nickname but he feels it is appropriate to call Squeaky by hers.

Then here comes Mr. Pearson with his clipboard and his cards and pencils and whistles and safety pins and fifty million other things he’s always dropping all over the place with his clumsy self. He sticks out in a crowd because he’s on stilts. We used to call him Jack and the Beanstalk to get him mad. But I’m the only one that can outrun him and get away, and I’m too grown for that silliness now.

When he begins to ask Squeaky to throw the race, the reader might conclude that he is trying to be fair to the other contestants, but it is obvious that he does not understand how important winning the race is to Squeaky.

Why does the police officer need to know if the man would wait for his friend or "call time on him sharp"?

O. Henry wrote with irony, and the ironic aspect of this story is that the police officer isBob’s old friend, the very man he is anxious to meet. When Bob lit up his cigar, the police officer, Jim, recognized him from a wanted poster as Silky Bob, a person wanted in Chicago. He knew he had to arrest him, but he couldn’t do it himself. His friendship was too strong. He had to get...

O. Henry wrote with irony, and the ironic aspect of this story is that the police officer is Bob’s old friend, the very man he is anxious to meet. When Bob lit up his cigar, the police officer, Jim, recognized him from a wanted poster as Silky Bob, a person wanted in Chicago. He knew he had to arrest him, but he couldn’t do it himself. His friendship was too strong. He had to get someone else to arrest him, so he went around the corner and contacted a plain clothes officer to handle the arrest. Jim needed to know that Bob would stay there waiting until he could contact the plain clothes officer. He didn’t want him to leave. He asked him how long he planned to wait for his friend. Would he leave at 10 sharp, or would he give his friend a few extra minutes. Bob replied,
               

“I’ll give him a half an hour at least.”  (pg 2)  

That was enough time for the police officer to contact the plain clothes officer and have Bob arrested.

In your opinion, which of the three spirits has the most powerful effect on Scrooge? Explain why you think this.

In A Christmas Carol, each of the three spirits has a profound effect on Scrooge but, arguably, it the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come who truly changes his life. 

First of all, let's look at the ghost's physical appearance. The Ghost of Christmas Past is bright and child-like, the Ghost of Christmas Present is akin to a "jolly Giant" while the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come genuinely terrifies Scrooge. He is a "phantom...shrouded...

In A Christmas Carol, each of the three spirits has a profound effect on Scrooge but, arguably, it the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come who truly changes his life. 

First of all, let's look at the ghost's physical appearance. The Ghost of Christmas Past is bright and child-like, the Ghost of Christmas Present is akin to a "jolly Giant" while the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come genuinely terrifies Scrooge. He is a "phantom...shrouded in a deep, black garment." He does not speak to Scrooge, only points with an "outstretched hand." When Scrooge meets him, he is instantly filled with a "solemn dread" and it is this dread which has the most profound affect on Scrooge. 

Secondly, the images shown to Scrooge by the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come are the strongest in the book. While Scrooge has relived many painful experiences, through the first two ghosts, it is the uncertainty of his future which truly haunts him. Scrooge shudders from "head to foot" when confronted with his own death. Later, in the Churchyard, Scrooge is almost driven to madness when he sees his own grave. It is not just the fear of death which bothers him, it is the ghost's inability to communicate. Here, we find Scrooge "trembling" and "clutching at the spirit's robe." 

Finally, we see the strongest evidence to support this view in the closing lines of the chapter. Scrooge is finally broken and ready to reform:

"I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. The Spirits of all Three shall strive within me. I will not shut out the lessons that they teach. Oh, tell me I may sponge away the writing on this stone!''

Neither the Ghost of Christmas Past nor the Ghost of Christmas Present is able to solicit such a response from Scrooge. This is irrefutable proof of the ghost's effect on him and it kick-starts the process of change in Scrooge. 

What is the procedure involved in using a digital thermometer to read the temperature of a person?

There are two main types of digital thermometers used to measure the temperature of a person. The procedure will vary based on the type which you are using.

One type is designed to be placed under the tongue. The thermometer should first be sterilized (by washing then wiping with an alcohol wipe) or encased in a sterile plastic sleeve (if available). The metal tip of the thermometer is then placed under the tongue and the...

There are two main types of digital thermometers used to measure the temperature of a person. The procedure will vary based on the type which you are using.

One type is designed to be placed under the tongue. The thermometer should first be sterilized (by washing then wiping with an alcohol wipe) or encased in a sterile plastic sleeve (if available). The metal tip of the thermometer is then placed under the tongue and the button is pressed. The thermometer will beep when it is time to remove it from under the tongue and read the temperature from the digital display. The plastic sleeve should then be properly discarded (if used) and the thermometer should be sterilized again.

The second type of thermometer is designed to be placed into the ear. The thermometer should be cleaned and sterilized, and a plastic sleeve applied to the tip (if available). The button is pressed and this type of device will also beep when it is time to remove it and read the temperature. Dispose of the plastic sleeve and clean the thermometer.

Please note: Do not share under-tongue thermometers if you don't have the necessary supplies to sterilize them between users. This can spread germs. Alternatively you could rinse with soap and water between users and only hold the thermometer in the armpit to get a reading. This is less accurate but much less likely to spread colds.

In Things Fall Apart, what is the punishment system in the Igbo tribe?

The punishment system of the Igbo presented in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is apparently comprised of a series of customs that have been passed down from generation to generation. There are two instances in the novel in which Okonkwo is reprimanded, and both punishments are based on customs. During the Week of Peace, Okonkwo gets into an altercation with his wife, and he must sacrifice a goat, a hen, and other items to appease...

The punishment system of the Igbo presented in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is apparently comprised of a series of customs that have been passed down from generation to generation. There are two instances in the novel in which Okonkwo is reprimanded, and both punishments are based on customs. During the Week of Peace, Okonkwo gets into an altercation with his wife, and he must sacrifice a goat, a hen, and other items to appease the gods. Interestingly, Ezeudu bemoans the fact that the punishment for breaking peace has become less serious over time:

“My father told me that he had been told that in the past a man who broke the peace was dragged on the ground through the village until he died. But after a while this custom was stopped because it spoiled the peace which it was meant to preserve” (31).

Even though the customs surrounding punishments seem like static, long-held customs, they have in fact changed over time.

The major moment in the novel that demonstrates how customs dictate punishment occurs when Okonkwo inadvertently kills a young member of the tribe. Here, readers see the arbitrary nature of a facet of the correctional system of Umuofia:

“Violent deaths were frequent, but nothing like this had ever happened. The only course open to Okonkwo was to flee from the clan. It was a crime against the earth goddess to kill a clansman, and a man who committed it must flee from the land. The crime was of two kinds, male and female. Okonkwo had committed the female, because it had been inadvertent. He could return to the clan after seven years” (124).

Thus, the Umuofian punishment system is largely based on customs and traditions.

In Night by Elie Wiesel, what story did Moshe tell upon his return?

In Night by Elie Wiesel, Moshe the Beadle is taken along with other foreign Jews by the Nazis before the other residents are rounded up for the camps. Moshe manages to escape and makes his way back to Sighet, the town where Elie Wiesel lives with his family. Moshe feels that he has been saved in order to warn the others about the Nazis, but nobody believes him. He tells everyone who will listen that...

In Night by Elie Wiesel, Moshe the Beadle is taken along with other foreign Jews by the Nazis before the other residents are rounded up for the camps. Moshe manages to escape and makes his way back to Sighet, the town where Elie Wiesel lives with his family. Moshe feels that he has been saved in order to warn the others about the Nazis, but nobody believes him. He tells everyone who will listen that he and the others, who were taken along with him, were transported by train into Poland, where they were transferred into lorries and driven into the forest. 

"There they were made to dig huge graves. And when they had finished their work, the Gestapo began theirs. Without passion, without haste, they slaughtered their prisoners. Each one had to go up to the hole and present his neck" (Wiesel 4).

Moshe tells horror stories of how the babies were killed and how relatives were forced to watch their families killed before they were killed themselves. Somehow Moshe was able to escape when he was shot in the leg, and the murderers thought him dead. He went from house to house in Sighet to convince his neighbors to leave, but his stories were so unbelievable, they decided he must be crazy.