Joyce presents elements of traditional Irish culture in "The Dead." For example, there are some stock Irish characters. Miss Julia and Miss Kate hold concerts for their music students. They are spinsters who, like many traditional unmarried women, give lessons to support themselves. There is the character Freddy Malins who is an alcoholic and who worries the spinsters. Joyce writes, "Freddy Malins exploded, before he had well reached the climax of his story, in a...
Joyce presents elements of traditional Irish culture in "The Dead." For example, there are some stock Irish characters. Miss Julia and Miss Kate hold concerts for their music students. They are spinsters who, like many traditional unmarried women, give lessons to support themselves. There is the character Freddy Malins who is an alcoholic and who worries the spinsters. Joyce writes, "Freddy Malins exploded, before he had well reached the climax of his story, in a kink of high-pitched bronchitic laughter." Malins is the kind of humorous drunk who often populates Irish stories.
As Joyce presents Irish culture, it is also characterized by a divide between those who support Irish nationalism and those who do not. Miss Ivors, a character who Gabriel meets, is an Irish nationalist who literally wears her politics on her sleeve, as "her collar bore on it an Irish device and motto." She criticizes Gabriel for writing for The Daily Express, a newspaper, because she disagrees with the paper's politics. However, Gabriel's main concern is with his love for the new books he receives to review for the paper. Later, Miss Ivors asks if Gabriel is traveling to the Aran Islands, part of Ireland, but Gabriel is instead traveling to France or Belgium. Miss Ivors is an Irish nationalist who wants to support her country and its culture with her every move, while Gabriel, a writer, is a cosmopolitan figure who is more concerned with his own thoughts and explorations than only about his country.
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