Explain why underreporting is an issue for UCR/NIBRS and NCVS.

The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the Uniform Crime Reporting programs are programs that gather data on reported crimes from police and federal agencies. The accuracy of information at the federal level is dependent on the accuracy of information at the local level. Underreporting is an issue for all three of these programs because many crimes go unreported to law enforcement period.

In 2012, the Bureau of...

The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the Uniform Crime Reporting programs are programs that gather data on reported crimes from police and federal agencies. The accuracy of information at the federal level is dependent on the accuracy of information at the local level. Underreporting is an issue for all three of these programs because many crimes go unreported to law enforcement period.

In 2012, the Bureau of Justice Statistics released a report that estimated that over half of violent crimes never get reported. The report cited a variety of reasons for the large number of unreported crimes from not believing it was important enough to report to not reporting for fear of retribution. Sometimes the victims did not believe that the police would be able to help. Also, crimes involving places such as school or work where the victims felt they had to return had an increased number of unreported crimes. These incidences of underreporting at a local level greatly impact the data that larger crime statistics programs can gather. 

How does Rousseau think about the basic goodness of humanity?

Rousseau felt that humans in their natural, uncorrupted state, were generally good. Though Rousseau's beliefs in differing complexities of society were  largely influenced by racist theories which served to commodify human labor (as in the Atlantic slave trade), he very much admired the cultures he termed "savages" for their high degree of egalitarianism and apparently uninhibited lifestyles. 

Rousseau believed that "all degenerates in man's hands," or that the farther humans distance themselves from nature, the...

Rousseau felt that humans in their natural, uncorrupted state, were generally good. Though Rousseau's beliefs in differing complexities of society were  largely influenced by racist theories which served to commodify human labor (as in the Atlantic slave trade), he very much admired the cultures he termed "savages" for their high degree of egalitarianism and apparently uninhibited lifestyles. 

Rousseau believed that "all degenerates in man's hands," or that the farther humans distance themselves from nature, the more they (and the world) would suffer for it. He believed that "civilization" and all of the social and moral rules which are wrapped up in "civilized culture" limited mankind and distorted the instincts and emotions. One of his more famous quotes is as follows:

"Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains."

This summarizes Rousseau's belief that humans are innately free and uninhibited. Morality is not a factor in the "goodness" of the Natural human, as morality is dependent upon the kind of socialization and civilization Rousseau thought we ought to be free from. After birth, we are brought up in culture and taught ways of being which are at odds with the "natural state," and limit a person's ability to be free and happy.

What does Andrew Carnegie say about how big businesses or wealth is good for America? How does he justify his answer? I want to know what he...

Andrew Carnegie supported big business and believed strongly that it is acceptable for people to accumulate wealth. Andrew Carnegie would have felt comfortable with what was happening in the Gilded Age.

Andrew Carnegie believed in the concept of Social Darwinism. He believed that the strongest and fittest people and businesses should survive. He believed those who weren’t as creative and efficient in business were hurting our economy and shouldn’t be supported. Andrew Carnegie was a...

Andrew Carnegie supported big business and believed strongly that it is acceptable for people to accumulate wealth. Andrew Carnegie would have felt comfortable with what was happening in the Gilded Age.

Andrew Carnegie believed in the concept of Social Darwinism. He believed that the strongest and fittest people and businesses should survive. He believed those who weren’t as creative and efficient in business were hurting our economy and shouldn’t be supported. Andrew Carnegie was a strong believer in competition. He believed the strongest competitors would be the ones who survived.

Andrew Carnegie did believe that those who were wealthy had an obligation to help those who were less fortunate. In what was known as the Gospel of Wealth, Andrew Carnegie believed in using his money to help people. For example, he used his money to build many libraries. He wanted to do things that would help people improve their condition instead of just giving handouts to people. While Andrew Carnegie supported Social Darwinist ideas, he did feel a need to soften the harshness of this philosophy by becoming a philanthropist.

What is a summary of Diary Two from The Freedom Writers Diary?

Interesting question! In Diary Two of The Freedom Writers Diary, several interesting components are revealed through the author.

In this section, the author reveals that he does not feel as though he belongs in the classroom. The author illustrates that he is the only white student in the classroom. The author believes that he belongs in the other classroom with the mainly white “distinguished scholars.” As the author reveals:

“I feel really uncomfortable in...

Interesting question! In Diary Two of The Freedom Writers Diary, several interesting components are revealed through the author.

In this section, the author reveals that he does not feel as though he belongs in the classroom. The author illustrates that he is the only white student in the classroom. The author believes that he belongs in the other classroom with the mainly white “distinguished scholars.” As the author reveals:

“I feel really uncomfortable in here with all these rejects.”

Not only this, but he also discusses that mixing all the races in this classroom is problematic. As the author demonstrates, during lunch, all of the students segregate based on their race. He believes that this is acceptable and that the school will regret mixing up the races and putting them into the same classroom.

Thus, the author does not feel as though he belongs. Subsequently, the author also believes that the school is making a mistake for mixing the students from different races together in this classroom. Consequently, despite that he should be in this classroom (due to his academic struggles in English), the author wants to be placed in another class.  

What was Bloody Sunday? When was that?

Bloody Sunday occurred during the protests of the Civil Rights movement. It occurred on Sunday, March 7, 1965.

African-Americans were concerned about the lack of African-Americans being registered to vote throughout the South. The problem was especially severe in Selma, Alabama. African-American leaders organized a march from Selma to Montgomery to protest the lack of African-American voter registration, as well as the shooting and killing of Jimmy Lee Jackson. When the marchers began to move...

Bloody Sunday occurred during the protests of the Civil Rights movement. It occurred on Sunday, March 7, 1965.

African-Americans were concerned about the lack of African-Americans being registered to vote throughout the South. The problem was especially severe in Selma, Alabama. African-American leaders organized a march from Selma to Montgomery to protest the lack of African-American voter registration, as well as the shooting and killing of Jimmy Lee Jackson. When the marchers began to move across the Edmond Pettus Bridge, the police met them. They police ordered them to end the march and disperse. When the police's orders were disobeyed, the police attacked the marchers. Since television stations were covering this march, the country saw footage of the police beating the protesters.

When people watched what happened, sympathy and support for the protesters increased. Two weeks later, another march was held. The country again watched this march, which was completed without incident. The Voting Rights Act was eventually passed, in part because of the events of Bloody Sunday. This law made it illegal to use poll taxes and literacy tests to deny a person the right to register to vote. It also allowed federal officials to register voters.

Why did Jem rip his pants in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

It is in Chapter 6 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird that Jem rips and even loses his pants. On Dill's last night in Maycomb for the summer, Jem and Dill concoct a scheme to sneak onto the property of the Radley Place and to "peep in the window with the loose shutter to see if they could get a look at Boo Radley." Scout protests the wisdom of the antic but winds up coming along nonetheless.

The children decide that their best approach to getting on to the property is to sneak under the high bobbed-wire fence that "enclosed a large garden" at the back of the Radley property, near the schoolyard. The children manage to sneak through the garden, through a gate separating the garden from the Radleys' backyard, and to creep to the side of the house where the "window with the hanging shutter stood." They then give Dill a boost up to the tall windowsill so that he can take a look inside, but Dill is unable to see anything of interest. Next, they sneak on to the back porch to get a look through the back window, which is when Scout sees the shadow of a man moving "across the porch toward Jem." As the kids race away from the house, shots ring out. But, as they try to scamper back under the barbed-wire fence, Scout and Dill make it safely under, but Jem gets his pants caught in the wire and must kick them off to get free. It's at the moment that he gets his pants caught in the barbed-wire that he tears them.

More interesting than the moment he tears his pants is the moment he retrieves them. Jem decides to go back for his pants at 2 o'clock in the morning. Later, in Chapter 7, we learn that, when he went back, he found them neatly "folded across the fence" and "sewed up." Jem reaches the conclusion that Arthur (Boo) Radley mended Jem's pants for him, a conclusion that says much about the true nature of Arthur Radley. Author Lee uses the development of Arthur's character to further develop her theme concerning the falseness of prejudiced beliefs.

In chapter seven of The Giver, what was the mood of the assignment ceremony?

Assignment Day recognized the paths of all the children in the community, but it was especially important to those receiving assignments.  Those assignments determined what that person was going to do the rest of his/her life, and it was determined by a group of people.  It was not his/her own choice.  Naturally, the suspense was high.  Jonas says just before Chapter 7,

“He only wished…….. that the suspense would end.” (pg 49)

However, the ceremony...

Assignment Day recognized the paths of all the children in the community, but it was especially important to those receiving assignments.  Those assignments determined what that person was going to do the rest of his/her life, and it was determined by a group of people.  It was not his/her own choice.  Naturally, the suspense was high.  Jonas says just before Chapter 7,

“He only wished…….. that the suspense would end.” (pg 49)

However, the ceremony began with boring speeches and mentions of gratitude for the work of the Committee.  Asher had to stifle a yawn.  Then the ceremony began, and so did the excitement of the recipients.  Each anxiously awaited their assignment, and the young people all  seemed quite satisfied with their assignments.  Jonas was happy for his friends.

“But, he was more and more apprehensive as his own approached.”  (pg. 56)

However, when it was Jonas’s turn, they skipped his number.  He was number nineteen, and number twenty was called to the stage instead.  This was very unusual. .  Jonas became very anxious. 

“He felt dizzy, and couldn’t focus his attention.” (pg 57)

The author uses words such as “dazed” and “embarrassed” as each person was called to the stage.  Jonas had obviously been skipped.  The other students looked at him and were embarrassed for him.

“And he saw the worried look on his group leader’s face.” (pg 57)

He thought he must has done something wrong, and he was ashamed. 

“He hunched his shoulders and tried to make himself smaller in the seat.  He wanted to disappear, to fade away, not to exist.” 

So, the day was filled with numerous emotions.   Overall, it was a suspenseful ,anxious moment for most of the students and their parents.  However, the students also felt embarrassment and concern for Jonas

What is a passage in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird that shows Jem is forming his own opinions about fairness?

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem particularly begins to form opinions about fairness after Tom Robinson's trial. Jem was able to see that the jury's guilty verdict was unfairsince all evidence, especially Robinson's crippled physique, pointed to his innocence, not his guilt. Jem was so upset by the jury's verdict that he cried "angry tears" and repeatedly muttered, "It ain't right" on the way home from the courthouse, which is...

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem particularly begins to form opinions about fairness after Tom Robinson's trial.

Jem was able to see that the jury's guilty verdict was unfair since all evidence, especially Robinson's crippled physique, pointed to his innocence, not his guilt. Jem was so upset by the jury's verdict that he cried "angry tears" and repeatedly muttered, "It ain't right" on the way home from the courthouse, which is clear evidence he is beginning to form his own opinions about what is fair and just.

The next day, during a conversation with Atticus, Jem raises questions about the fairness of awarding the death sentence for a rape case, "even if he was guilty," and the fairness of the jury system (Ch. 23). Jem points out that the jury could have sentenced Robinson with twenty years in prison and hints at the unfairness of sentencing a "colored man" to death just because he is colored. Jem even states, "We oughta do away with juries," since it was the jury who convicted Robinson and sentenced him to death based on nothing but the testimonies of the victim and her father (Ch. 23). All of these statements show us that Jem is questioning what his society currently deems as fair and forming his own opinions about what is truly fair.

What are some initial and subsequent motives that drove Columbus to oppress indingenous peoples?

It is always difficult to assess the motives of historical people; we have never met them and we can't talk to them and ask them why they do things. All we know about the character and motivations of Christopher Columbus comes from historical records of what he did, many of them written by himself or people under his command.

Most of the deaths of indigenous people were not actually due to oppression but disease; contact with Europeans spread diseases such as smallpox rapidly through indigenous populations and killed millions.

That said, we do have reason to believe that one of his primary motives was quite simple: Money.

His original goal was to find a more efficient trade route to India. Why? Because trade with India was extremely profitable, and would become more so if there were a more efficient route. Columbus secured funding for his expedition on these grounds; investors gave him money up front, expecting higher profits from the improved trade route later.

Far from being "the first to realize the Earth is round" as the myth goes, Columbus was convinced that the Earth was considerably smaller than it actually is. The people he was contradicting were actually mostly basing their assessments of the Earth's size and shape on Greek geometers, who had estimated the Earth's radius to within about 5% of its actual size. Columbus did not sail because he knew the shape of the Earth and others didn't; Columbus sailed because he didn't know the shape of the Earth and others did. What others did not know was that there were other continents besides Europe, Africa and Asia; Columbus didn't know that either, and simply got lucky.

When Columbus and his expedition arrived at North America, they saw a huge money-making opportunity. There were plentiful valuable natural resources for the taking, especially gold, tobacco, and spices; moreover, the indigenous populations could be easily conquered and enslaved because they were disorganized and technologically far less advanced.

It's also quite likely that Columbus and his people were motivated by racism, which has been a part of human psychology since time immemorial. He may have believed that the local populations were not simply technologically inferior, but indeed physically and mentally inferior, worthy only to work at the command of White people that he believed were superior beings. Some of the greatest cruelty committed by Columbus and his men is most easily explained in this way; it's hard to see why they would commit mass rapes and beheadings if profit were their sole motive.

But even in the absence of racism, it's quite likely that Columbus would have sought to exploit the lands and peoples of the New World in the name of profit---just as modern corporations often do to poor countries today.

What does John resolve to do after he becomes chief priest in "By the Waters of Babylon?"

The answer to this can be found at the very end of “By the Waters of Babylon.”   At the end of the story, John resolves that he will make fundamental changes when he is the chief priest.  His people will no longer hold to their current superstitions.  They will not fear the “dead places” or believe that there were gods who lived in the Place of the Gods any longer.  Instead, they will understand the...

The answer to this can be found at the very end of “By the Waters of Babylon.”   At the end of the story, John resolves that he will make fundamental changes when he is the chief priest.  His people will no longer hold to their current superstitions.  They will not fear the “dead places” or believe that there were gods who lived in the Place of the Gods any longer.  Instead, they will understand the truth and they will “build again.”

At the time that this story takes place, John’s people know very little about the civilization that had existed before them.  They enter the “dead places” to get metal but for no other reason. They believe that the massive ruins to the east (where they were not allowed to go) had been the home of gods. They  are quite primitive in terms of beliefs and technology.

At the end of the story, after John has stayed in the Place of the Gods for a night, he resolves that he will change things when he is chief priest. He has figured out that 

they were men who built the city, not gods or demons. They were men.

He has realized that it was human beings who had all this technology and the ability to build tall buildings and great roads.  When he realizes this, he wants his people to progress. He wants them to learn more. He wants them to go back to “newyork” and learn more about the ancient civilization.  Above all, he wants them to become more technologically advanced. As he says in the last line of the story, “we must build again.”

In "Raymond's Run", why would Squeaky's mother want Squeaky to be in the May Day program?

Squeaky’s mother wants her to run in the May Day race because all little girls do it.

Squeaky’s interest in May Day is purely athletic.  She wants to run in the May Day races.  Running is her life.  She runs the race every year, and she expects to win.  Squeaky works hard, training for the race daily.  Her mother is mostly embarrassed by this unladylike behavior.

I’ll high-prance down 34th Street like a rodeo pony...

Squeaky’s mother wants her to run in the May Day race because all little girls do it.

Squeaky’s interest in May Day is purely athletic.  She wants to run in the May Day races.  Running is her life.  She runs the race every year, and she expects to win.  Squeaky works hard, training for the race daily.  Her mother is mostly embarrassed by this unladylike behavior.

I’ll high-prance down 34th Street like a rodeo pony to keep my knees strong even if it does get my mother uptight so that she walks ahead like she’s not with me, don’t know me, is all by herself on a shopping trip, and I am somebody else’s crazy child.

Squeaky feels that her mother wants to make her into something she is not, by forcing her to be a girl.  Squeaky has her own way of being a girl.  She doesn’t understand why her mother wants her to participate in the Maypole dance, and her mother can’t understand why she doesn’t want to.

The biggest thing on the program is the May Pole dancing, which I can do without, thank you, even if my mother thinks it’s a shame I don’t take part and act like a girl for a change.

Running is more important to Squeaky because it involves winning, and Squeaky likes to win.  She has trouble getting along with the other girls, because she feels that they are insincere.  The end result is that she is often all alone, except for taking care of her brother.

Mothers and daughters often have trouble seeing eye to eye.  A mother may wish that her daughter be something that she is not, while a daughter just wishes that her mother accepted who she was.  Eventually, Squeaky comes to terms with her true self, and even makes a friend.

Why is Madame Losiel disconnected from her life at the beginning of "The Necklace"?

In Guy de Maupassant's short story "The Necklace" Madame Loisel is disconnected from a life which she finds common and mundane. Although she is "pretty and charming" she is restrained by the rigid class system of 19th century France. She longs for a different life. She wants all the comforts and trappings of the very wealthy. She is simply not satisfied with her middle class existence.

She's not poor. After all, she has her own...

In Guy de Maupassant's short story "The Necklace" Madame Loisel is disconnected from a life which she finds common and mundane. Although she is "pretty and charming" she is restrained by the rigid class system of 19th century France. She longs for a different life. She wants all the comforts and trappings of the very wealthy. She is simply not satisfied with her middle class existence.

She's not poor. After all, she has her own maid, a hard working husband, and seemingly very few cares. Yet it is not enough. She spends her time daydreaming about all the things her middle class husband cannot afford. De Maupassant writes:

She would dream of silent chambers, draped with Oriental tapestries and lighted by tall bronze floor lamps, and of two handsome butlers in knee breeches, who, drowsy from the heavy warmth cast by the central stove, dozed in large overstuffed armchairs. 

One of the ultimate morals of the story is to be careful what you wish. When Madame Loisel's dream comes true and she does live the life of a wealthy woman for one beautiful evening and it ends up costing her that comfortable middle class life as she is plunged into poverty because of the loss of the necklace.  

Can someone explain molecular formulas to me?

A molecular formula indicates, with subscripts, the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound. In comparison, the empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule. As an example, the molecular formula for glucose is `C_6H_12O_6` . This means that each molecuse of glucose is made up of six carbon atoms, twelve oxygen atoms and six hydrogen atoms. The empirical formula for glucose is `CH_2O` ....

A molecular formula indicates, with subscripts, the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a compound. In comparison, the empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule. As an example, the molecular formula for glucose is `C_6H_12O_6` . This means that each molecuse of glucose is made up of six carbon atoms, twelve oxygen atoms and six hydrogen atoms. The empirical formula for glucose is `CH_2O` . This shows that the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1, but doesn't provide any more information about the molecule.

The molecular formula is a whole-number multiple of the empiricial formula. It's possible for that whole number to be one and the two formulas to be the same, for example methane has the molecular formula `CH_4` which is also the simplest or empirical formula.

The empirical formula can be determined from the percent composition or mass composition of a compound, and the molecular formula then be determined if the empI rival formula is known. For example, if you just knew the empirical formula for glucose and that it's molar mass is 180 g/mol, you would divide 180 by the molar mass of the empirical formula, 30. This gives the whole number 6, so the molecular formula is 6(`CH_2O` ) or `C_6H_12O_6` .

What are the key parts of Atticus's final statement in Chapter 20 of To Kill a Mockingbird?

Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a coming-of-age story, also known as a “bildungsroman.” In this kind of story, the protagonist, in this case Scout, is shown to grow and develop as a person.

Part of Scout’s growth in the novel is spurred by her father’s role in the trial of Tom Robinson, the black man wrongly accused of raping the white woman Mayella Ewell. Thus the trial itself, and Atticus’s role in it,...

Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a coming-of-age story, also known as a “bildungsroman.” In this kind of story, the protagonist, in this case Scout, is shown to grow and develop as a person.

Part of Scout’s growth in the novel is spurred by her father’s role in the trial of Tom Robinson, the black man wrongly accused of raping the white woman Mayella Ewell. Thus the trial itself, and Atticus’s role in it, is an important plot line in the story.

Lee emphasizes the trial’s importance as Atticus begins to address the all-white jury. The narrator describes Atticus as he steps out of character:

Atticus did something I never saw him do before or since, in public or in private: he unbuttoned his vest, unbuttoned his collar, loosened his tie, and took off his coat.

This is a big deal for Atticus, a bastion of stability and good sense, yet he suddenly changes his approach as a lawyer. It tells the reader that this trial is something above the ordinary, and that it will have an important impact on the rest of the story.

Then Lee employs a common literary device, the pun, to emphasize the central focus of the trial, when Atticus says to the jury:

This case is as simple as black and white.

In the early 1960s, when Lee published the novel, this statement was considerably more controversial than it is now. Of course, what he means is that the defendant, Tom Robinson, a black man, is the subject of white prejudice. Lee has set the novel in the 1930s, when prejudicial attitudes were much more prevalent than they are now.

This shows the reader how important Atticus believes the trial to be. It is an important moment when somebody steps out of character. Writers use such points in their stories to signify watershed moments in the narrative.

Which process contributes maximally to phenotypic difference between 2 siblings? Is it recombination or independent assortment?

Two siblings will have acquired their genes from their parents in specialized sex cells called gametes, which are sperm or eggs. The combinations of these genes are very unique which explains the differences noticed between siblings. Therefore, offspring vary from each other as well as from each parent.

Meiosis is a special type of cell division resulting in haploid gametes, or sex cells. These will fuse to form the fertilized egg which is diploid. Since...

Two siblings will have acquired their genes from their parents in specialized sex cells called gametes, which are sperm or eggs. The combinations of these genes are very unique which explains the differences noticed between siblings. Therefore, offspring vary from each other as well as from each parent.

Meiosis is a special type of cell division resulting in haploid gametes, or sex cells. These will fuse to form the fertilized egg which is diploid. Since a person has diploid cells, which contain chromosomes from both their mother and father, when they produce haploid gametes, there are many million possibilities of how their genes are organized into sex cells.

During meiosis which is a reduction division, a process known as crossing over occurs in prophase I of meiosis which helps to exchange genes between the maternal and paternal chromosomes in a corresponding pair known as nonsister chromatids. When this occurs, individuals chromosomes that will be placed in a gamete contain genes that originated from each parent. It shuffles the DNA in unique combinations. Crossing over results in recombinant chromosomes which helps to make unique combinations of traits in gametes.

Another reason siblings are unique is due to a stage of meiosis in metaphase II where nonidentical sister chromatids sort independently from each other, which increases the possible gene combinations in the gametes even more. 

When fertilization occurs, because it is a random event it adds to more genetic variation in the possible offspring because any sperm can fuse with any egg with each containing several million possibilities of traits due to crossing over and independent assortment. 

It is the recombination that occurs during meiosis after crossing over that shuffles the DNA into millions of unique combinations that has the greatest impact on why siblings are unique from each other with independent assortment and later fertilization adding to the genetic variability of an individual.

How does the district commissioner coax the Igbo leaders to meet with him?

The District Commissioner convinces the Igbo leaders to meet with him by sending his "sweet-tongued messenger" to ask them to come meet with him a few days after Mr. Brown's church is burned down. The commissioner helps to persuade the Igbo leaders to meet with him by waiting several days and not reacting immediately to what the Igbo leaders have done. This way, they are calmer when they meet with him, and they do not...

The District Commissioner convinces the Igbo leaders to meet with him by sending his "sweet-tongued messenger" to ask them to come meet with him a few days after Mr. Brown's church is burned down. The commissioner helps to persuade the Igbo leaders to meet with him by waiting several days and not reacting immediately to what the Igbo leaders have done. This way, they are calmer when they meet with him, and they do not expect him to seek retribution. Also, while they show up with their machetes, he politely invites them to speak as friends. He tells them, referring to the destruction of the church, "Let us talk about it like friends and find a way of ensuring that it does not happen again." He greets them alone and then tells them that he is going to invite in his friends to listen to their grievances. It is only then, after the Igbo leaders have put down their machetes, that British men come in to arrest them. 

What does Abigail claim is the reason she was discharged from the Proctor household in The Crucible?

Abigail claims that Elizabeth Proctor fired her because she would not be her slave.

Abigail was fired for having an affair with John Proctor.  Proctor admits to the affair in court.  His wife knew about it, and obviously did not want Abigail around the house.  However, in court Abigail claimed a very different reason for being fired. 

Abigail: She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. It.’s a bitter woman,...

Abigail claims that Elizabeth Proctor fired her because she would not be her slave.

Abigail was fired for having an affair with John Proctor.  Proctor admits to the affair in court.  His wife knew about it, and obviously did not want Abigail around the house.  However, in court Abigail claimed a very different reason for being fired. 

Abigail: She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. It.’s a bitter woman, a lying, cold, sniveling woman, and I will not work for such a woman! (Act 1)

Abigail’s attempt to discredit Elizabeth Proctor is part of her plan to get John Proctor back, apparently.  It seems that she has been making eyes in him at church for months.  Although Proctor admits that he was seduced by her in a moment of weakness, he tells them that he ended it.

Abigail definitely has some character flaws.  Besides sleeping with another woman’s husband, she takes a vigorous part in the trail, condemning innocent people to make herself look better.  Abigail is a bitter and selfish woman who behaves immaturely and does not seem to care about the consequences of her actions.

When Elizabeth is cross-examined about dismissing Abigail, she cannot bring herself to admit the affair at first.  She just says that the girl dissatisfied them both.  When Danforth presses, she admits what happened.

Elizabeth: I came to think he fancied her. And so one night I lost my wits, I think, and put her out on the highroad. (Act 3)

Interestingly enough, what saves Elizabeth from the noose is telling the court that she is pregnant.  They do not believe her at first, but it soon transpires that she is telling the truth.  They agree not to kill her so she can have the baby.

Abigail's case is a perfect example of what really happened in the Salem Witch Trials.  Anyone with a grudge could get ride of an enemy and get what she or he wanted just by accusing someone.  It is clear that Abigail is a woman of little character, but they believe her anyway and she sends good people to their deaths to serve her petty purposes.

What type of narrative conflict does the story Speak have?

The seven types of narrative conflict are Man vs. Man, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Self, Man vs. Society, Man vs. Machine, and Man vs. Fate.

In the book Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson, the "man" refers to protagonist Melinda Sordino. Supporting evidence shows that the conflict could be either Man vs. Self or Man vs. Society.

Melinda's struggle in the book stems from the fact that she has lost all of her friends and...

The seven types of narrative conflict are Man vs. Man, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Self, Man vs. Society, Man vs. Machine, and Man vs. Fate.

In the book Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson, the "man" refers to protagonist Melinda Sordino. Supporting evidence shows that the conflict could be either Man vs. Self or Man vs. Society.

Melinda's struggle in the book stems from the fact that she has lost all of her friends and seems to be alone in the world. This occurred because she called the cops on a party over the summer. Those who are angry at her over this situation do not know the context of the situation, which is that she was raped and unsure what to do, so she called 911. Throughout the book, Melinda is rejected by her peers, and this situation does not change until the end of the book, when finally everyone else realizes that Andy is a rapist and that she is not at fault. This shows Melinda against the society—the social structure of the school system (and society as a whole) that prevents her from coming forward initially.

However, it could also be supported that the narrative conflict in the story is Man vs. Self. Melinda continues to struggle with her self identity throughout the novel. She refuses to speak up about what really happened the night of the party, and this contributes to her own isolation. When Melinda begins to first express her feelings through art, and then to open up to a select few friends and to one teacher, the conflict begins to be resolved. This shows Melinda vs. Self as the narrative conflict of the book.

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration is a process that occurs in cells to generate energy for the cell's life processes. The process occurs in the mitochondrion, the bean shaped organelle in the cell that takes glucose, a simple sugar, and oxidizes it with oxygen. The chemical reaction breaks apart the large glucose molecule, releasing free energy which takes the form of ATP, adenosine triphosphate. Carbon dioxide and water are released as waste products. Cellular respiration is the principle...

Cellular respiration is a process that occurs in cells to generate energy for the cell's life processes. The process occurs in the mitochondrion, the bean shaped organelle in the cell that takes glucose, a simple sugar, and oxidizes it with oxygen. The chemical reaction breaks apart the large glucose molecule, releasing free energy which takes the form of ATP, adenosine triphosphate. Carbon dioxide and water are released as waste products. Cellular respiration is the principle energy producer for all animal cells, and for plant cells at night, when the sun goes down and shuts down the other energy making process, photosynthesis. Sometimes, oxygen cannot be delivered fast enough to the cells. Then, the cells employ an alternate energy making process called fermentation. Fermentation produces energy production from the same glucose molecule without the use of oxygen. Between the two energy production methods, cellular respiration produces 38 ATP molecules to fermentation's 2 ATP molecules, causing it to be the more efficient energy production method.

What are Ralph and Jack worried about in Chapters 3 and 4?

Throughout Chapter 3 and 4, Ralph and Jack are both concerned about different things. In Chapter 3, Ralph's main concern involves building the shelters. Ralph laments that only him and Simon have been laboring on the huts, and they have turned out unstable and shaky. When Ralph confronts Jack about not helping build the shelters, Jack says that his sole focus has been on getting meat. Jack is only worried about providing meat and spends...

Throughout Chapter 3 and 4, Ralph and Jack are both concerned about different things. In Chapter 3, Ralph's main concern involves building the shelters. Ralph laments that only him and Simon have been laboring on the huts, and they have turned out unstable and shaky. When Ralph confronts Jack about not helping build the shelters, Jack says that his sole focus has been on getting meat. Jack is only worried about providing meat and spends most his time on the island hunting pigs. Simon comments the boys need to build shelters because the littluns scream at night and are terrified of the "beast." Ralph says, "As if it wasn't a good island." (Golding 52) Jack also brings up the feeling that he is being hunted by something when he is out in the forest. The boys are clearly worried about the "beast" on the island in Chapter 3. Ralph allows Jack to hunt as long as his group of hunters maintain the signal fire. Another one of Ralph's main concerns is that the signal fire stays lit. In Chapter 4, Ralph spots a ship passing the island, but when he looks at the mountaintop, the signal fire has gone out. Jack's band of hunters were too concerned with killings pigs to maintain the fire. Ralph worries that the boys will never be rescued. Jack seems unconcerned because he was able to kill a pig. The boys' different concerns illuminate the difference in priorities between the two. 

`3x - 5y = 8, 2x + 5y = 22` Solve the system by the method of substitution.

3x-5y=8     2x+5y=22

Solve second equation for x; first subtract 5y from each side.

2x=-5y+22    Divide by 2

x=-5/2y+11   Then substitute into x into the first equation

3 (-5/2y+11)-5y=8   Simplify

-15/2y +33-5y=8    Combine like terms

-25/2y+ 33=8   -25/2y=-25  Divide each side by -25

1/2y=1    y=2    Therefore 3x-5(2)=8   3x-10=8   3x=18   x=6

x=6, y=2      They check in both equations.

3x-5y=8     2x+5y=22

Solve second equation for x; first subtract 5y from each side.

2x=-5y+22    Divide by 2

x=-5/2y+11   Then substitute into x into the first equation

3 (-5/2y+11)-5y=8   Simplify

-15/2y +33-5y=8    Combine like terms

-25/2y+ 33=8   -25/2y=-25  Divide each side by -25

1/2y=1    y=2    Therefore 3x-5(2)=8   3x-10=8   3x=18   x=6

x=6, y=2      They check in both equations.

What is your opinion of the idea that a single event can significantly alter the way we live our lives?

It sounds like your teacher simply wants your opinion.  You can answer the question honestly, but do remember that when a teacher asks this kind of question, he or she is really wanting you to defend your opinions.  

I agree with the idea that a single event can significantly alter the way we live our lives.  The way that it is currently worded though makes me think that the event in question is already...

It sounds like your teacher simply wants your opinion.  You can answer the question honestly, but do remember that when a teacher asks this kind of question, he or she is really wanting you to defend your opinions.  

I agree with the idea that a single event can significantly alter the way we live our lives.  The way that it is currently worded though makes me think that the event in question is already passed.  Let me use an example.  I am married.  I had my wedding day, and that single event significantly changed the next eleven years.  When my wife and I found out that we were pregnant, that single event changed my family dynamic forever.  Those kinds of single events happen to people all of the time, and their lives are forever changed because of it.  

I don't think that the question is being asked correctly though in regards to the story "A Sound of Thunder."  I think the question is meant to ask how knowing about a single future action can significantly alter lives.  Will you change how you live knowing that every little thing that you do can have significant repercussions?  

The reason that I think the question is meant to be asked this way is because that is the question Bradbury asks in the story.  Eckels steps on a single butterfly in the past, which causes massive changes back in the present.  A person could go about his life attempting to scrutinize every single action and decision, but that would be pointless.  Every action that he or she does or does not take will have some effect on the future, but there is no way to know exactly what the effect is.  That's because the effect will feel normal.  The changed present in "A Sound of Thunder" feels different because the men have something to compare it to.  But in real life, you will never have the ability to shift yourself over to a different dimension and discover what the other decision wound up creating.  If a person tried to micromanage every little item in order to avoid possible future cataclysmic events, that person would go crazy.  

So, no I don't think knowing single events can cause drastic changes should alter how we live our daily lives.  

In To Kill a Mockingbird, what happened to Jem when he was nearly thirteen?

The first sentence of To Kill a Mockingbirdanswers this question, but the entire novel elaborates on that answer. Scout, the narrator, begins the story by stating that her brother, Jem, "got his arm badly broken at the elbow." She goes on to explain that the break left a permanent disability, so that Jem's left arm was shorter than his right and hung abnormally at his side with the thumb perpendicular to his leg. The...

The first sentence of To Kill a Mockingbird answers this question, but the entire novel elaborates on that answer. Scout, the narrator, begins the story by stating that her brother, Jem, "got his arm badly broken at the elbow." She goes on to explain that the break left a permanent disability, so that Jem's left arm was shorter than his right and hung abnormally at his side with the thumb perpendicular to his leg. The disability didn't affect the arm's function, and Jem was able to play football like the other boys.

As they aged, the two siblings looked back on the events that led to Jem's broken arm. Jem believed the starting point of it all was their attempt as children to draw their mysterious neighbor, Boo Radley, out from his house. The reason the stories about Boo are so important in the lives of the Finch children is that, if it hadn't been for Boo, Jem wouldn't have ended up with merely a broken arm. He very likely would have died that night instead.

After the Halloween program at school, Jem and Scout walk home through the woods in the dark. Bob Ewell assaults them. He has threatened revenge on Atticus Finch for defending Tom Robinson and for revealing in court that he, Ewell, was the one who beat Mayella, not Robinson. Although Robinson was unjustly convicted of rape, after the trial the townsfolk treated Ewell with even more contempt than they had before. On the night of the Halloween program, Ewell was drunk and wielding a knife as he followed the children in the woods; he might have murdered both children if Boo Radley had not been there to protect them.

So although the book begins by referring to Jem getting his arm broken, this turns out to be an understatement. What really happened to Jem was that he was assaulted and was the victim of a murder attempt.

How does the Party control the people of Oceania in the novel 1984?

The Party uses surveillance, thought control, endless war, and endless propaganda to control Party members in 1984. 

As we learn early in the novel, the television screen in every one's apartment is not only a way for residents to watch television. Through the screen the Party watches them:

Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within...

The Party uses surveillance, thought control, endless war, and endless propaganda to control Party members in 1984. 

As we learn early in the novel, the television screen in every one's apartment is not only a way for residents to watch television. Through the screen the Party watches them:

Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard.

The Party also alters history to maintain control. Winston's job is to rewrite old newspaper stories to align with whatever is the so-called "truth" at the moment. In this way, the Party hopes to maintain total control over the truth, which, of course, in its hands, is a lie. More importantly, the Party has been trying to cut down the number of words in the language to a bare minimum. To do so, it is creating a language called Newspeak. It believes that without many words to choose from, people won't be able to formulate thoughts that oppose the Party.

Endless warfare diverts people's attention from the misery of daily life and gives the Party a rationale for maintaining an oppressive police state. As long as there's a war effort to justify it, the Party can demand people work long hours and live on tasteless food rations and Victory gin.

Finally, ceaseless propaganda supports all of this. From the endless posters proclaiming "Big Brother is watching you" to the daily "Two Minute Hate" sessions directed at the "enemy of the people," Goldstein, the Party keeps people's minds full of what it wants them to know. The Hate sessions also target people's aggressions away from the Party and toward other enemies.

Winston can not turn off the television in his apartment. The telescreen can invade people's lives and thoughts at any moment. The following is an example:

The voice from the telescreen paused. A trumpet call, clear and beautiful, floated into the stagnant air. The voice continued raspingly: ’Attention! Your attention, please! A newsflash has this moment arrived from the Malabar front. Our forces in South India have won a glorious victory. 

With such endless distractions, constant surveillance, dumbing down of discourse and propaganda, the state keeps an iron grip on its Party members.

How does Moses' encounter with God compare/contrast with Abraham's encounter with God in The Gift of the Jews by Thomas Cahill?

According to Cahill, Abraham's encounter with God is that of "a calculating clansman ... self-confident ... who knows how to deal." Abraham wants to know what he will get out of the relationship, this covenant with God. Only when God promises him as many descendants as the stars in the heavens does Abraham "trust in" God. Abraham does this out of "insight," an intuitive leap of faith of the sort a hardheaded businessman would make...

According to Cahill, Abraham's encounter with God is that of "a calculating clansman ... self-confident ... who knows how to deal." Abraham wants to know what he will get out of the relationship, this covenant with God. Only when God promises him as many descendants as the stars in the heavens does Abraham "trust in" God. Abraham does this out of "insight," an intuitive leap of faith of the sort a hardheaded businessman would make in assessing the trustworthiness of a potential business partner, and God rewards the trust.

On the other hand, when God speaks to Moses or Moshe, out of the burning bush, telling him to lead his people out of Egypt, Moses responds "with a terror that the patriarchs seldom exhibited." Moses hides his face, afraid to look at God. Instead of challenging God with a "what's in it for me" swagger, Moshe tries to wiggle out of the burden God has laid on him, saying he is not worthy of the task. God tells him it doesn't matter: God will do the heavy lifting.

While Abraham swaggers and Moses cowers, a significant contrast in attitudes, they share important common ground: they both believe their encounter with God is real and they both respond to God's call. 

How does Steinbeck use Crooks to explore ideas about racism in 1930s California?

Crooks is the crippled black "stable buck" in John Steinbeck's 1930's novella Of Mice and Men set in the Salinas Valley of California. Racism and segregation ruled the day in depression era America. Blacks had only gained their freedom from slavery some 70 years before the writing of this book. The first government bans on discrimination were still a few years away and the American military remained segregated until 1948. Martin Luther King Jr. and the civil rights movement were waiting in the wings but wouldn't hit high gear for another 30 years. Jackie Robinson was also more than ten years away from breaking the color barrier in professional baseball and it wouldn't be until the 1960's before sports would see black and white roommates when Chicago Bears running backs Gale Sayers and Brian Piccolo teamed up.

The ranch where the two main characters, George and Lennie, come to work is no different than the rest of America in the 1930's. Being black, Crooks is segregated from the rest of the men and has his own private quarters in the barn. He is rarely allowed in the bunkhouse where the white workers live. The one time he is able to enter the bunkhouse on a holiday, a presumedly racist accelerated incident takes place. The old swamper Candy recounts:

"They let the nigger come in that night. Little skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Done pretty good, too. The guys wouldn’t let him use his feet, so the nigger got him. If he coulda used his feet, Smitty says he woulda killed the nigger. The guys said on account of the nigger’s got a crooked back, Smitty can’t use his feet.” 

As one might surmise from the preceding passage, the N word is used often in Steinbeck's account. But even though Steinbeck uses the derogatory term toward Crooks he is otherwise treated quite sympathetically by the author. He is just another character in the story who feels the pain of loneliness which permeates the novel. In fact, Crooks is really no different from Curley, Curley's Wife or Candy. They are all essentially lonely and segregated characters for different reasons. Crooks for the obvious reason of the color of his skin, Curley for his totally obnoxious and belligerent attitude, and Curley's wife because of her sex. 

Only the simple minded Lennie is able to break the pattern of racism when he enters Crooks' room in chapter four. At first Lennie is unwelcome. Crooks says:

"You go on get outa my room. I ain’t wanted in the bunk house, and you ain’t wanted in my room.” 

But since Lennie doesn't comprehend that Crooks is somehow different from the other men he is persistent in engaging Crooks and the black man is ultimately grateful for having someone to talk to:

"Crooks scowled, but Lennie’s disarming smile defeated him. “Come on in and set a while,” Crooks said. “’Long as you won’t get out and leave me alone, you might as well set down.” His tone was a little more friendly. “All the boys gone into town, huh?”

It is here that we learn more about Crooks. His family was one of the only black families in this part of California and when he was a child the children he played with, like Lennie, didn't recognize the color of his skin:

“I ain’t a southern Negro,” he said. “I was born right here in California. My old man had a chicken ranch, ‘bout ten acres. The white kids come to play at our place, an’ sometimes I went to play with them, and some of them was pretty nice. My ol’ man didn’t like that. I never knew till long later why he didn’t like that. But I know now.”

Later of course Crooks discovered what his father knew. Blacks had second class status in the world and he was not very often allowed into the white world. Lennie, and later Candy, help Crooks to forget the segregation and for a brief time in the novel there is a possibility that Crooks could come to the farm with George, Lennie and Candy as an equal worker. Crooks says:

“ . . . . If you . . . . guys would want a hand to work for nothing—just his keep, why I’d come an’ lend a hand. I ain’t so crippled I can’t work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to.” 

But just as Crooks begins to feel like he might be part of something Curley's wife enters the barn and destroys the fraternal feeling that is beginning to exist between Crooks, Lennie and Candy. Curley's wife brutally reminds Crooks of his place in the world. She says,

“Listen, Nigger,” she said. “You know what I can do to you if you open your trap?” ... “Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung upon a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.”

After the exchange with Curley's wife Crooks again retreats into his shell and thoughts of being part of the dream is lost in a hail of racist remarks. Crooks addresses Candy:

“’Member what I said about hoein’ and doin’ odd jobs?”
“Yeah,” said Candy. “I remember.”
“Well, jus’ forget it,” said Crooks. “I didn’t mean it. Jus’ foolin’. I wouldn't want to go no place like that.”

Crooks' final lines are, of course, false, but Curley's wife startles him back into the realization that he could never be part of the white world, not, at least, in the world of 1930's America. 

Julius Caesar: what was Mark Antony's aim at Caesar's funeral oration?

Antony's aim is to start a mutiny which will drive the conspirators out of Rome and enable him and Octavius to seize power in the city. He had that intention at the time he humbly asked Brutus for permission to speak in Caesar's funeral. Antony does not, however, think this will settle everything. He foresees a long period of civil wars because he expect Brutus and Cassius to raise armies to try to regain power in Rome. This is forecast in Antony's soliloquy spoken over the body of Caesar in Act 3, Scene 1. The most pertinent part of that soliloquy is the following:

Over thy wounds now do I prophesy
Which like dumb mouths do ope their ruby lips
To beg the voice and utterance of my tongue,
A curse shall light upon the limbs of men;
Domestic fury and fierce civil strife
Shall cumber all the parts of Italy;

Where he says that Caesar's wounds "beg the voice and utterance of my tongue," he shows that he intends to be the one who will cause all the troubles he foretells in the soliloquy. Antony is telling what really happened in history as if it is yet to happen and he is describing it in a "prophesy."

In Act 3, Scene 2, when Antony has succeeded in stirring up the Roman citizens to the point where they go off to various quarters to recruit more rioters, to burn the houses of the conspirators, and to create widespread destruction, he says to himself:

Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot,
Take thou what course thou wilt.

Antony has gotten what he wanted. He does not know what the final result will be, but he wanted to create rioting and chaos in the city, which was exactly what Brutus in particular did not want. Brutus and Cassius are forced to flee the city and relinquish this vital power base to Antony, Octavius and Lepidus. Order is not finally restored until Brutus and Cassius are defeated at the battle of Philippi and both have committed suicide.

Am I understanding correct that genotype is the basic genetic property while phenotype is the observable property?

The genotype is the unique combination of genes an organism inherits from its parents at fertilization. The egg and sperm each contain a haploid set of chromosomes and the zygote produced at fertilization contains a diploid set of chromosomes.

The phenotype refers to the observable traits in an organism. These traits follow Mendelian genetics principles along with effects on the phenotype due to environmental influence.

To demonstrate genotype vs. phenotype we can examine the trait...

The genotype is the unique combination of genes an organism inherits from its parents at fertilization. The egg and sperm each contain a haploid set of chromosomes and the zygote produced at fertilization contains a diploid set of chromosomes.

The phenotype refers to the observable traits in an organism. These traits follow Mendelian genetics principles along with effects on the phenotype due to environmental influence.

To demonstrate genotype vs. phenotype we can examine the trait of handedness in humans.  Whether someone is left or right- handed is determined by a pair of genes with the gene for right- handed --dominant and the gene for left- handed-- recessive.

A person who is left- handed will know her genotype as well as her phenotype. The only combination that will produce a left-handed phenotype in an individual is if that person has two recessive left -handed genes in their genotype.

To contrast this, a person with a right-handed phenotype could have either of two genotypes--two right- handed genes (homozygous) or one right handed dominant gene and one left- handed recessive gene- (heterozygous). There is no way to tell a person's genetic makeup or genotype if they exhibit the dominant trait--the right handed phenotype by merely looking at them.

To conclude, phenotype is the trait we observe in an individual and genotype is the actual gene pair an individual inherits for that trait. Keep in mind that we have many recessive traits that are not expressed if they are paired with a dominant trait and therefore will not be seen in the phenotype of that individual.

In what ways does Thucydides' account of the Peloponnesian War bridge realism and constructivism?

Political theorists have long argued about whether or not Thucydides was a realist (believing that international conflict results due to human nature) or a constructivist (believing that conventions of international relations are socially and historically constructed). The reason for this disagreement is that Thucydides bridges the two theories in his History of the Peloponnesian War. 

As John Zumbrunnen, associate professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, asserts in "Realism, Constructivism and Democracy in...

Political theorists have long argued about whether or not Thucydides was a realist (believing that international conflict results due to human nature) or a constructivist (believing that conventions of international relations are socially and historically constructed). The reason for this disagreement is that Thucydides bridges the two theories in his History of the Peloponnesian War. 

As John Zumbrunnen, associate professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, asserts in "Realism, Constructivism and Democracy in the History" (linked below), Thucydides' blend of constructivism and realism is best evidenced in the person of Pericles, the famed Athenian statesmen. Through his speeches, Pericles attempts to describe Athens as it truly is (realism), but also lead Athens toward a higher form of itself, emphasizing its most noble qualities and letting go of its baser ones (such as its aggression). 

Zumbrunnen--discussing Friedrich Nietzsche's brief comments on Thucydides--explains how Thucydides uses Pericles' speeches to bridge constructivism and realism: 

Speech shapes not only identity but, too, those aspects of the political world—power, interest—that realists take as fixed by either human nature or the structure of the international arena.

Thus, Thucydides believed in fixed values such as justice and power, but he also believed that speech could define and shape those value.

Who has to take the treatment for Stirrings in The Giver?

All adolescents take treatment for Stirrings as soon as they hit puberty.

“Stirrings” is the community’s euphemism for puberty.  Because controlling the size of the population and ensuring a total lack of emotion among citizens is top priority, parents are trained to recognize the earliest signs of puberty in their children so that they can be given pills to stop it.

It is clear that all aspects of daily life in the community are regulated.  It is important that no one ever feel uncomfortable, so the community is designed to prevent people from having the ability to fall in love.  Love may be a wonderful thing, but it also causes pain.  The prevention of pain and instability is paramount in Jonas's community.

Jonas’s parents first recognize that he is having Stirrings when he tells them about a dream he has about his friend Fiona.  In the dream, he is trying to get Fiona to take a bath. It is his first sign of sexual maturity.

"Jonas," she said with a smile, "the feeling you described as the wanting? It was your first Stirrings. Father and I have been expecting it to happen to you. It happens to everyone. (Ch. 5)

At this point, Jonas begins to take pills to prevent the Stirrings from returning.  Since stopping the pills will result in a return of the feelings, Jonas and all other adults are supposed to take them until they are too old to produce offspring.

The side effect of the pills is that they numb people.  The pills do not just prevent sexual attention in adolescents and adults, they also limit access to human emotions.  They basically keep the populace childlike.  A community of children is much easier to control.

After Jonas has received enough memories to understand the world at a deeper level, he stops taking the pills.

He had not taken the pills, now, for four weeks. The Stirrings had returned, and he felt a little guilty and embarrassed about the pleasurable dreams that came to him as he slept. But he knew he couldn't go back to the world of no feelings that he had lived in so long. (Ch. 17)

Not taking the pills is another thing that makes Jonas unique.  He has come to understand that no one in his community has ever had a real emotion.  They do not really understand life and can’t relate to him.  He has problems relating to them too.  He asks his parents if they love him, and tries to convince Asher not to play war games.  Each incident results in him feeling more and more distant from the others in his community.

What group of people did Hitler fear the most, and why? The "why" question being the important one.

The group of people that Hitler feared the most was the Jews.  He feared and hated the Jews because his ideology held that the Jews would be able to destroy German culture if they were allowed to remain in Germany.

Hitler’s ideology held that there were three general types of people. Some people, the Aryan race, were the ones who could create culture.  He believed that every truly advanced and civilized culture in the world...

The group of people that Hitler feared the most was the Jews.  He feared and hated the Jews because his ideology held that the Jews would be able to destroy German culture if they were allowed to remain in Germany.

Hitler’s ideology held that there were three general types of people. Some people, the Aryan race, were the ones who could create culture.  He believed that every truly advanced and civilized culture in the world had been created by Aryans.  A second group of people was incapable of creating culture, but could keep a culture going if they were given that culture.  The third group of people were destroyers of culture.  They would ruin any culture that they were a part of. The Jews were the most important culture-destroying group in Hitler’s mind, though the Gypsies (Roma) were also in this category.  Hitler believed that Jews inevitably destroyed any culture in which they lived.

Because there were a relatively large number of Jews in Germany, Hitler feared that German culture would be destroyed.  He feared that the Jews would destroy German culture because Jews were naturally people who destroyed the cultures they lived in. Therefore, he feared them and wanted to remove them from Germany by one means or another.

`(16x^4)/(2x - 1)^3` Write the partial fraction decomposition of the improper rational expression.

`(16x^4)/(2x-1)^3`

Since the rational expression is an improper expression, we have to express the fraction as a sum of simpler fractions with the degree of the polynomial in the numerator less than the degree of the polynomial in the denominator.

Let's expand the denominator of the rational expression,

`(16x^4)/(2x-1)^3=(16x^4)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)`   

Dividing using the long division method yields,

`(16x^4)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)=2x+3+(24x^2-16x+3)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)`

Since the polynomials do not completely divide, so we have to continue with the partial fractions of...

`(16x^4)/(2x-1)^3`

Since the rational expression is an improper expression, we have to express the fraction as a sum of simpler fractions with the degree of the polynomial in the numerator less than the degree of the polynomial in the denominator.

Let's expand the denominator of the rational expression,

`(16x^4)/(2x-1)^3=(16x^4)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)`   

Dividing using the long division method yields,

`(16x^4)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)=2x+3+(24x^2-16x+3)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)`

Since the polynomials do not completely divide, so we have to continue with the partial fractions of the remainder expression,

Let, `(24x^2-16x+3)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)=A/(2x-1)+B/(2x-1)^2+C/(2x-1)^3`

`=(A(2x-1)^2+B(2x-1)+C)/(2x-1)^3`

`=(A(4x^2-4x+1)+2Bx-B+C)/(2x-1)^3`

`=(x^2(4A)+x(-4A+2B)+A-B+C)/(2x-1)^3`

`:.(24x^2-16x+3)=x^2(4A)+x(-4A+2B)+A-B+C`

equating the coefficients of the like terms,

`4A=24`                     ----- equation 1

`-4A+2B=-16`    ------ equation 2

`A-B+C=3`           ------ equation 3

From equation 1,

`A=24/4`

`A=6`

Plug the value of A in equation 2,

`-4(6)+2B=-16`

`2B=-16+24`

`2B=8`

`B=4`

Plug the values of A and B in equation 3,

`6-4+C=3`

`C=3-2`

`C=1`

`(24x^2-16x+3)/(8x^3-12x^2+6x-1)=6/(2x-1)+4/(2x-1)^2+1/(2x-1)^3`

`:.(16x^4)/(2x-1)^3=2x+3+6/(2x-1)+4/(2x-1)^2+1/(2x-1)^3`

How does Matt show change and growth in Gathering Blue?

Matt matures and grows more courageous over the course of Gathering Blue. In chapter 1, Matt meets Kira coming back to the village from the Field of Leaving. She hopes he will help her rebuild her cott, but he declines, saying his mother will whip him if he doesn't finish gathering firewood. However, his additional reason is that the women, led by Vandara, have claimed Kira's space. Matt warns her, but in a whisper,...

Matt matures and grows more courageous over the course of Gathering Blue. In chapter 1, Matt meets Kira coming back to the village from the Field of Leaving. She hopes he will help her rebuild her cott, but he declines, saying his mother will whip him if he doesn't finish gathering firewood. However, his additional reason is that the women, led by Vandara, have claimed Kira's space. Matt warns her, but in a whisper, showing he fears not only a whipping from his mother but also repercussions from the scar-faced Vandara. 

Matt becomes more daring later in the book. He plants himself in the middle of the group of men who are preparing for the hunt, although he is too young to go. He wants to do something adventurous to prove his "manhood." He allows Thomas and Kira to dissuade him from that venture, but he later disappears. Kira and Thomas learn he received a harsh beating from his mother for stealing food for his journey, but he endured it so that he could go "yonder" to obtain the blue dye for Kira as a special "giftie." He told his mother he would never return to their home in the Fen, and he keeps that vow. He makes his way to the other village and brings Kira's father back to her, as well as the plants for making blue dye. He becomes the "tie" who will go back and forth between the two villages, allowing Kira and her father to keep in touch.

Matt changes from a wild little boy who steals and plays with other boys and his dog to a brave youngster who makes a journey that no one else in the village has attempted. He faces personal pain and danger not for his own gratification, but to help a friend. This shows how he has matured over the course of the novel. 

The Jamestown colonists set a political precedent by: a. creating a judicial system. b. instituting a direct democracy. c. instituting a...

The answer is C.

In 1619, the first general assembly was created in British America. This was an early version of the representative government that would later develop and which we know today.

The settlers at Jamestown wanted a voice in their government, and believed that they should have some input in the laws that were created to govern the colony. After the Virginia Company was dissolved by James I in 1624 (just a year...

The answer is C.

In 1619, the first general assembly was created in British America. This was an early version of the representative government that would later develop and which we know today.

The settlers at Jamestown wanted a voice in their government, and believed that they should have some input in the laws that were created to govern the colony. After the Virginia Company was dissolved by James I in 1624 (just a year before his death), Virginia became a royal colony. It was also the seat of Virginia's social and political life until 1699 when the capital was moved to Williamsburg.

Direct democracy was impractical in the colony for logistic reasons.

The judicial system was not created until the eighteenth century during the Constitutional conventions. The judicial system would be created as one of the three branches of government, all separate and intended to check and balance one another.

Finally, the line-item veto did not become an official executive power until the Clinton presidency. The Line Item Veto Act was passed in 1996.

Why do you think Jerry wants to be with the boys so badly?

At its core, "Through the Tunnel" is a coming of age story.  Jerry and his mom are on vacation together, and like most teenage boys Jerry wants some freedom and independence from his mom.  At least that's how I felt as a teenage boy. Jerry loves his mom just as much as he ever did, but he feels that his mom's presence makes him appear less independent. It even makes him feelless independent. He...

At its core, "Through the Tunnel" is a coming of age story.  Jerry and his mom are on vacation together, and like most teenage boys Jerry wants some freedom and independence from his mom.  At least that's how I felt as a teenage boy. Jerry loves his mom just as much as he ever did, but he feels that his mom's presence makes him appear less independent. It even makes him feel less independent. He sees the other boys going about their fun without any mothers around and Jerry wants some of that. He wants to prove to himself and to the other boys that he is no longer a boy. He sees himself as a young man, and he wants the other boys to see him that way too.  

They looked down gravely, frowning. He knew the frown. At moments of failure, when he clowned to claim his mother’s attention, it was with just this grave, embarrassed inspection that she rewarded him. Through his hot shame, feeling the pleading grin on his face like a scar that he could never remove, he looked up at the group of big brown boys on the rock
and shouted. . .

You can see from the quote that Jerry is sick of the patronizing "little kid" look that he normally gets. That's why he trains so hard to make the swim. The tunnel is a metaphorical gateway to becoming a member of the young man group that the other boys belong to. 

What are three examples of satire from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels?

Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels is a satirical look at England in the Enlightenment period. It is filled with humorous jabs at English politics, manners, business, and science. Here are three famous satirical aspects of the Lilliputian society:

Rope Dancers: Applicants for court positions danced on a suspended rope for the Emperor. Although this dance did nothing to prove a person's ability to perform a court function, the winners were given the jobs.

Silken Threads:Social...

Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels is a satirical look at England in the Enlightenment period. It is filled with humorous jabs at English politics, manners, business, and science. Here are three famous satirical aspects of the Lilliputian society:

Rope Dancers: Applicants for court positions danced on a suspended rope for the Emperor. Although this dance did nothing to prove a person's ability to perform a court function, the winners were given the jobs.

Silken Threads: Social status was determined in part by how well an act of dexterity was performed. Participants jumped over or maneuvered under a stick held out by the Emperor. Depending on how well the Emperor judged them to have performed the feat they were given silken threads of a certain color to wear around their waists.

High-heelers vs. Low-heelers: The main political division in Lilliput was signified by the size of the heels on a person's shoes. Low-heelers were the dominant political group and high-heelers were shunned. One character had one high-heel and one low-heel.

In "The Veldt" by Ray Bradbury, who do you think the children love more, Lydia or George? Why? Give textual information.

“The Veldt”, an unnerving story about how technology can change and influence children, shows how in Bradbury’s creepy society, the parents have little control over their overindulged children.  The children are in charge in this futuristic home, and the parents, George and Lydia, just go through the motions of having control over what their children do.

The children probably love Lydia more because she seems to be more of a pushover when they ask for...

“The Veldt”, an unnerving story about how technology can change and influence children, shows how in Bradbury’s creepy society, the parents have little control over their overindulged children.  The children are in charge in this futuristic home, and the parents, George and Lydia, just go through the motions of having control over what their children do.

The children probably love Lydia more because she seems to be more of a pushover when they ask for extra time in the nursery.  She begs George to let them have a few more minutes in the African veldt when he insists on locking the nursery and even begins turning off the rest of the house.  Peter and Wendy become hysterical, and George decides to let them play in the nursery for one more minute.   Lydia also seems to be more concerned about the children’s psychological state as she calls in Dr. McClean to analyze the children’s obsession with the veldt experience in the nursery. 

George tries to be a disciplinarian but is confused by his role as a father.  The technology of the house has made him so complacent and dependent that it is hard for him to assert himself for any length of time.  He does stand up to the children when he doesn’t allow them to take a rocket to New York.   Other than the one time he says, “no,” George is easily convinced to give in and not be strict.  George needs to exhibit some tough love but is unable to carry out any real rules or change any of the children’s behaviors. 

Both parents pander to their children’s wants and wishes to the point that the children are spoiled and entitled.  However, Lydia is a little guiltier of that than George and would probably get the “#1 Best Mom” coffee mug on her birthday, if she had survived her children's revenge and the veldt.

What do we know about Mr. Hooper in "The Minister's Black Veil"?

We know that he has a reputation for being "good" as he is called "good Parson Hooper" or "good Mr. Hooper" often by both townspeople and the narrator.  Further, the narrator tells us that 

Mr. Hooper had the reputation of a good preacher, but not an energetic one: he strove to win his people heavenward by mild, persuasive influences, rather than drive them thither by the thunders of the Word.  

In other words, he is no "fire-and-brimstone" minister.  He doesn't try to scare his congregation into right or moral behavior; instead he has always tried to "win" them over by persuading them of the benefits of such behavior.

Moreover, he was engaged to a woman named Elizabeth at the start of the story.  However, when he refuses to directly explain to her the meaning of the black veil, or to show her his face once more after she figures it out, she leaves him.  

Finally, we know that Mr. Hooper has some secrets.  He tells Elizabeth, "'If I hide my face for sorrow, there is cause enough, [...] and if I cover it for secret sin, what mortal might not do the same?'"  In this way, readers indirectly discover that Mr. Hooper wears the veil in order to symbolize the way every person attempts to hide their true, sinful natures from their fellows.  He wears the veil to hide his face just as we all wear a figurative veil to hide our souls.  Even on his deathbed, Mr. Hooper will not remove the material veil.  He asks,

"Why do you tremble at me alone? [...] Tremble also at each other! [....] When the friend shows his inmost heart to his friend; the lover to his best beloved; when man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die!  I look around me, and, low! on every visage a Black Veil!"

This confirms what he'd told Elizabeth.  ALL of us hold up a figurative veil to hide the true content of our souls from everyone else, even those we love.  This is why Mr. Hooper says that he sees a black veil on every face.  Thus, we do not know what secret sins Mr. Hooper harbors, but we do know that he is a sinner, just like everyone else.

Name and describe three methods of treating raw sludge, and give the end product that may be produced from each method.

Sludge is a byproduct of many industrial or refining processes. Sludge is mostly water with lesser amounts of solid particles. It has a viscous consistency that is thick, wet, and mud-like.

Thickening is often the first step is treating raw sludge. Thickening is meant to reduce the volume of water in the sludge. It is carried out in a sedimentation tank or pool. Sludge contains toxins. Thickening increases the toxin concentrationwithin the solid particles left...

Sludge is a byproduct of many industrial or refining processes. Sludge is mostly water with lesser amounts of solid particles. It has a viscous consistency that is thick, wet, and mud-like.

Thickening is often the first step is treating raw sludge. Thickening is meant to reduce the volume of water in the sludge. It is carried out in a sedimentation tank or pool. Sludge contains toxins. Thickening increases the toxin concentration within the solid particles left behind from the process.

Sludge solids can be treated via anaerobic respiration or incineration. Anaerobic respiration is used to digest sludge in the absence of oxygen via the use of bacteria. Incineration is the burning of the sludge. Incineration of sludge often utilizes hearth incinerators. Anaerobic respiration and incineration of sludge may produce methane gas.

In the presence of oxygen, bacteria may also be used to digest sludge via aerobic respiration. In this process, carbon dioxide is produced.

Why is water so versatile as a solvent thus allowing life on earth?

Water is essential to all living things on Earth. It is due to water's strong ability as a solvent that it is seen as a strong indicator of the presence of life.

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The oxygen atom is very electronegative, so it holds the two electrons from the hydrogen atoms in its outer shell, giving the oxygen end of the molecule a negative charge. The hydrogen...

Water is essential to all living things on Earth. It is due to water's strong ability as a solvent that it is seen as a strong indicator of the presence of life.

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The oxygen atom is very electronegative, so it holds the two electrons from the hydrogen atoms in its outer shell, giving the oxygen end of the molecule a negative charge. The hydrogen end of the molecule has a positive charge. This means water is a polar compound and will be attracted to a multitude of molecules and able to dissolve a range of materials. Water is so good at dissolving so many things that it has been given the label "the universal solvent," indicating that there aren't too many things water won't dissolve. It is this ability to dissolve many substances that makes it a valuable commodity to living things, such as human beings.

Our bodies are composed 70% of water. Without water, the cells of our bodies could not conduct life processes. It is in the water solution that many molecules such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are processed and utilized for necessary daily tasks.

How can I relate Life of Pi to real life?

I think one way to relate The Life of Pito real life is to think about Pi's outlook on religion.  Pi claims that he is Christian, Muslim, and Hindu . . . at the same time.  Every time I see the "Coexist" bumper sticker, I think of Pi.  I think of Pi, because he doesn't have a problem with all three religions coexisting within his life.  He sees the three religions coexist within the...

I think one way to relate The Life of Pi to real life is to think about Pi's outlook on religion.  Pi claims that he is Christian, Muslim, and Hindu . . . at the same time.  Every time I see the "Coexist" bumper sticker, I think of Pi.  I think of Pi, because he doesn't have a problem with all three religions coexisting within his life.  He sees the three religions coexist within the city of Pondicherry, and he believes that they can successfully coexist within himself as well.  I think that outlook on life and religion is incredibly relevant to "real life."  If more religious fanatics could see religions like Pi sees religions, I think there would be a lot less violence around the world.  

A bigger "real life" application of the story for me is the theme of never giving up.  Pi is in a bad situation.  He's stuck on a life boat with minimal supplies in the middle of a huge ocean.  Oh yeah, and don't forget that there is a giant, hungry tiger in the boat with him.  But despite Pi's dire circumstances, he works one problem at a time and ceases to give up.  If you've read Andy Weir's book The Martian, it's the same kind of concept.  Both Watney and Pi are somehow able to correctly work one problem at a time and maintain high levels of hope.  I think that is incredibly applicable to real life.  That kind of positive thinking and "keep moving forward" attitude is something that I try to instill in my students and the athletes that I coach.  Life will always throw curve balls and give you set backs.  That's to be expected.  What's important though is how you handle those set backs and find ways to keep moving forward.  That's what The Life of Pi teaches readers about real life. 

How does Claudia describe Mr. Henry when she first meets him?

In Autumn, Chapter 1, Claudia and her sister, Frieda, meet their family's newest boarder, Henry Washington. Accordingly, Henry used to board with Della Jones on Thirteenth Street. However, Della's senility has made it difficult for her to maintain her rental responsibilities; this is why Henry has had to move.

As described, Henry is an unmarried man who is sensible and a 'steady worker with quiet ways.' The girls' mother hopes that Henry will work...

In Autumn, Chapter 1, Claudia and her sister, Frieda, meet their family's newest boarder, Henry Washington. Accordingly, Henry used to board with Della Jones on Thirteenth Street. However, Della's senility has made it difficult for her to maintain her rental responsibilities; this is why Henry has had to move.

As described, Henry is an unmarried man who is sensible and a 'steady worker with quiet ways.' The girls' mother hopes that Henry will work out well at their place. Henry arrives on a Saturday night, and the girls, curious about their new renter, lose no time in assessing the character of this newcomer. 

Among other things, Claudia notices that he smells nice, like 'trees and lemon vanishing cream, and Nu Nile Hair Oil and flecks of Sen Sen.' Sen Sen is a type of breath freshener, popular in the 70s and 80s, especially among men.

When men were men, the choice was Sen Sen.

Claudia and her sister are pleasantly surprised when Henry addresses them in a friendly manner. He disarms them by calling them Greta Garbo and Ginger Rogers, the names of two well known, beautiful actresses. Henry further endears himself to the girls when he performs a magic coin trick for them. Claudia tells us that they loved him, and that despite what came later, there was no bitterness in their memories of him.

How did Tom's wife react to the news of his death, according to Dill?

Jem, Dill, Calpurnia, and Atticus all ride out past the dump and "down the narrow lane to the Negro cabins" (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 25).  Tom Robinson has died and Atticus needs to break the tragic news to his wife, Helen.  Atticus brings Calpurnia along to comfort Helen.

Helen greets them politely, but then she realizes why they have come.  She does not speak anymore.  Dill explains to Scout how Helen reacts:

...

Jem, Dill, Calpurnia, and Atticus all ride out past the dump and "down the narrow lane to the Negro cabins" (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 25).  Tom Robinson has died and Atticus needs to break the tragic news to his wife, Helen.  Atticus brings Calpurnia along to comfort Helen.

Helen greets them politely, but then she realizes why they have come.  She does not speak anymore.  Dill explains to Scout how Helen reacts:

"Scout," said Dill, "she just fell down in the dirt.  Just fell down in the dirt, like a giant with a big foot just came along and stepped on her. Just ump—"  Dill’s fat foot hit the ground. "Like you’d step on an ant."

Helen's reaction is one of utter devastation.  She has already suffered the emotional turmoil of having her husband imprisoned and convicted of a crime when he is innocent.  She also faces financial difficulties, as she has been the only one able to make money while her husband is in jail.  The news of her husband's death comes as the final blow.

Calpurnia and Atticus help Helen into her house.  They stay in the house to talk to her.  Atticus finally emerges, but Calpurnia stays inside the house to comfort Helen.

What behavior earned Max the nickname "Kicker"? Why did he behave this way?

On the very first page of Freak the Mighty, we learn that Max earned the name "Kicker" in daycare. According to Max, he would kick "anyone who dared to touch [him]." Without hesitation, Max would kick people who would hug him. Even as a child, Max could recognize that the hugs were "phony." 

One reason why Max may have decided to react in this manner could be related to his unstable upbringing. He started day care when his grandma and grandpa took him in as their own - later, we learn that Max's father is in prison and his mother is dead.

From Max's perspective, the hugs were a symbol of pity. People felt sorry for him due to his situation, but Max didn't accept their pity.

The only person he never kicked in daycare, we learn, is Freak. In the first chapter, Max argues that this was due to the fact that Freak used crutches. However, if you trace the relationship between Max and Freak throughout the book, you notice that Freak is the one person who doesn't pity Max. Instead, he builds him to reach his potential, boosts his confidence, and becomes his best friend. 

Which of the following concepts did NOT contribute to the crash of the stock market during the fall of 1929? A. Excessive regulation of the stock...

The correct answer to this question is Option A.  There were many factors that contributed to the stock market crash of 1929, but excessive regulation of the stock market was certainly not one of them.

The basic cause of the stock market crash was the fact that prices of stocks went up much higher than they should have.  This is typically called a “bubble.”  People buy and buy some kind of investment property, causing its...

The correct answer to this question is Option A.  There were many factors that contributed to the stock market crash of 1929, but excessive regulation of the stock market was certainly not one of them.

The basic cause of the stock market crash was the fact that prices of stocks went up much higher than they should have.  This is typically called a “bubble.”  People buy and buy some kind of investment property, causing its price to rise.  They expect that its price will continue to rise so they will be able to make money by selling it.  Eventually, people realize that prices are too high and they start to sell.  This can cause a crash, as happened in 1929.

Options B and D clearly fit this pattern.  Uneducated speculators bought and bought, thinking prices would never go down.  This caused prices to rise faster and faster.  Option C also made it easier for prices to go up because margin buying helped people buy stocks more easily.  All of these factors caused the bubble to inflate and helped bring about the crash.  Option A, by contrast, did not.  The stock market was not heavily regulated and regulation would not be a factor that would be likely to cause a bubble to inflate.

`x + y + z + w = 6, 2x + 3y - w = 0, -3x + 4y + z + 2w, = 4, x + 2y - z + w = 0` Solve the system of linear equations and check any solutions...

You may use the reduction method to solve the system, hence, you may multiply the first equation by 3, such that:

`3(x + y + z + w) = 3*6`

`3x + 3y + 3z + 3w = 18`

You may now add the equation `3x + 3y + 3z + 3w = 18` to the third equation -`3x + 4y + z + 2w= 4` , such that:

`3x + 3y + 3z + 3w - 3x + 4y + z + 2w= 18 + 4`

`7y + 4z + 5w = 22`

Adding the first equation to the second yields:

`3x + 4y + z = 6`

Adding the second equation to the last yields:

`3x + 5y - z = 0`

Adding the resulted equations yields:

`6x + 9y = 6 => 2x + 3y = 2`

Multiply the second equation by 2 and add it to the third, such that:

`x + 10y + z = 4`

Add this equation to the `3x + 5y - z = 0` , such that:

`3x + 5y - z + x + 10y + z = 0 + 4`

`4x + 15y = 4`

Consider a system formed by equations `4x + 15y = 4` and `2x + 3y = ` 2, such that:

`-2*(2x + 3y) + 4x + 15y  = -4 + 4`

`-4x - 6y + 4x + 15y = 0`

`9y = 0 => y = 0`

You may replace 0 for y in equation `2x + 3y = 2` , such that:

`2x + 0 = 2 => x = 1`

You may also replace 1 for x and 0 for y in equation `2x + 3y - w = 0` , such that:

`2 - w = 0 => -w = -2 => w = 2`

You may also replace 1 for x, 0 for y and 2 for w in equation `x + y + z + w = 6` , such that:

`1 + 0 + z + 2 = 6 => z = 6 - 3 => z = 3`

Hence, evaluating the solution to the given system, yields that `x =1, y = 0, z = 3, w = 2.`

In Night by Elie Wiesel, what was the impact of the father's death?

By the time Elie Wiesel's father dies in his book Night, everyone has suffered so much, that the death is almost an aside. Death has become a part of life, and the Jewish people in the camps see it every single day, multiple times. Elie has stuck by his father's side throughout. Early in the book, he looked to his father for comfort and as his caretaker. As the story continues, the roles of...

By the time Elie Wiesel's father dies in his book Night, everyone has suffered so much, that the death is almost an aside. Death has become a part of life, and the Jewish people in the camps see it every single day, multiple times. Elie has stuck by his father's side throughout. Early in the book, he looked to his father for comfort and as his caretaker. As the story continues, the roles of father and son reverse, and Elie is the one watching out for his weakening father. By the time Mr. Wiesel dies, Elie is exhausted, and though he wishes he could cry for his father, the overwhelming feeling Elie has is one of relief. 

"I did not weep, and it pained me that I could not weep. But I had no more tears. And, in the depths of my being, in the recesses of my weakened conscience, could I have searched it, I might perhaps have found something like--free at last" (Wiesel 106).

Elie was so weak himself at this point, that he couldn't even feel anymore. The Nazis had taken even that away from the Jewish people.